Search results for " laws"
showing 10 items of 109 documents
Switching times in long-overlap Josephson junctions subject to thermal fluctuations and non-Gaussian noise sources
2014
We investigate the superconducting lifetime of long current-biased Josephson junctions, in the presence of Gaussian and non-Gaussian noise sources. In particular, we analyze the dynamics of a Josephson junction as a function of the noise signal intensity, for different values of the parameters of the system and external driving currents. We find that the mean lifetime of the superconductive state is characterized by nonmonotonic behavior as a function of noise intensity, driving frequency and junction length. We observe that these nonmonotonic behaviours are connected with the dynamics of the junction phase string during the switching towards the resistive state. An important role is played…
Defense versus Opulence? An Appraisal of the Malthus-Ricardo 1815 Controversy on the Corn Laws
2015
This article proposes a rational reconstruction of the arguments of Malthus and Ricardo in their 1815 essays, Grounds of an Opinion and An Essay on Profits, whereby a policy of free corn trade was repudiated and endorsed, respectively. Malthus envisaged defense and (trade-induced) opulence as two mutually alternative options and, if required to make a choice, he had no hesitation in choosing the former. By contrast, Ricardo excluded any such trade-off, arguing that even in the case of war or poor domestic harvest, foreign agricultural countries would be seriously damaged if they opted for restrictions on their corn exports to Great Britain.
Nonlinear Diffusion in Transparent Media
2021
Abstract We consider a prototypical nonlinear parabolic equation whose flux has three distinguished features: it is nonlinear with respect to both the unknown and its gradient, it is homogeneous, and it depends only on the direction of the gradient. For such equation, we obtain existence and uniqueness of entropy solutions to the Dirichlet problem, the homogeneous Neumann problem, and the Cauchy problem. Qualitative properties of solutions, such as finite speed of propagation and the occurrence of waiting-time phenomena, with sharp bounds, are shown. We also discuss the formation of jump discontinuities both at the boundary of the solutions’ support and in the bulk.
A general concept of fuzzy connectives, negations and implications based on t-norms and t-conorms
1983
All known connectives 'and'/'or' for fuzzy sets or some classes can be introduced as t-norms/t-conorms, where Ling's representation theorem is used as a basic tool, and which is illustrated by various known and new examples (Section 2). Given a strict negation function and one connective, the other can be constructed, so that the corresponding De Morgan law is valid. In case of given Archimedean connectives, there can be constructed negation functions (Section 3). Given a non-strict Archimedean connective, a negation function and the other connective can be constructed, so that in addition to the De Morgan laws, the excluded middle law and the law of non-contradiction are valid, i.e. the ne…
Conjunction and Disjunction Among Conditional Events
2017
We generalize, in the setting of coherence, the notions of conjunction and disjunction of two conditional events to the case of n conditional events. Given a prevision assessment on the conjunction of two conditional events, we study the set of coherent extensions for the probabilities of the two conditional events. Then, we introduce by a progressive procedure the notions of conjunction and disjunction for n conditional events. Moreover, by defining the negation of conjunction and of disjunction, we show that De Morgan’s Laws still hold. We also show that the associative and commutative properties are satisfied. Finally, we examine in detail the conjunction for a family \(\mathcal F\) of t…
On the stability of stablecoins
2021
This paper investigates the volatility processes of stablecoins and their potential stochastic interdependencies with Bitcoin volatility. We employ a novel approach to choose the optimal combination for the power law exponent and the minimum value for the volatilities bending the power law. Our results indicate that Bitcoin volatility is well-behaved in a statistical sense with a finite theoretical variance. Surprisingly, the volatilities of stablecoins are statistically unstable and contemporaneously respond to Bitcoin volatility. Also, whereas the volatilities of stablecoins are not Granger-causal for Bitcoin volatility, lagged Bitcoin volatility exhibits Granger-causal effects on the vol…
Choix du système électoral et Convention européenne des droits de l'homme : quelques observations à la lumière d'une affaire concernant une loi élect…
2013
Within the space of less than two years the European Court of Human Rights and the Italian Constitutional Court have returned almost opposing judgments on the question of the observance of political rights by Italy’s 2005 electoral law. The ECHR found the applications made to it by groups of electors inadmissible given the manifestly ill-founded character of the grievances they were based on. The Constitutional Court, on the contrary, concluded that the law was unconstitutional. At first sight, the differing approaches by the two courts and the differing conclusions they reached may be viewed as an expression of the complementary nature of the European system of protection of human rights w…
Islands of biogeodiversity in arid lands on a polygons map study: Detecting scale invariance patterns from natural resources maps.
2016
Many maps (geology, hydrology, soil, vegetation, etc.) are created to inventory natural resources. Each of these resources is mapped using a unique set of criteria, including scales and taxonomies. Past research indicates that comparing results of related maps (e.g., soil and geology maps) may aid in identifying mapping deficiencies. Therefore, this study was undertaken in Almeria Province, Spain to (i) compare the underlying map structures of soil and vegetation maps and (ii) investigate if a vegetation map can provide useful soil information that was not shown on a soil map. Soil and vegetation maps were imported into ArcGIS 10.1 for spatial analysis, and results then exported to Microsof…
Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive and its Impact on Malta’s Financial Service Industry
2016
The introduction of the Directive on Alternative Investment Fund Managers (AIFM Directive 2011/61/EU) in 2013 means a radical transformation of the EU regulatory landscape for the whole alternative investment fund industry. Taking into account the growing meaning of the alternative investment fund industry in Europe, the aim of the paper is to assess the impact the Directive on Alternative Investment Fund Managers (AIFMD) will have on the Alternative Investment Fund Managers (AIFMs) managing Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs) in the EU. The research is based on the case of Malta, which is a quickly growing financial centre. The main findings are based on an analysis of questionnaire respon…
An EKF Based Method for Path Following in Turbulent Air
2017
An innovative use of the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is proposed to perform both accurate path following and adequate disturbance rejection in turbulent air. The tuned up procedure employs simultaneously two different EKF: the first one estimates gust disturbances, the second one estimates modified aircraft parameters. The first filter, by using measurements gathered in turbulent air, estimates both aircraft states and wind components. The second one, by using the estimated disturbances, obtains command laws that are able to reject disturbances. The predictor of the second EKF uses the estimated wind components to solve motion equations in turbulent air. Besides a set of unknown stability …