Search results for " life cycle"

Lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles: combining Environmental and Social Life Cycle Assessments

2018

Electric vehicles (xEV) are a key low carbon technology for mobility. Although xEV have no tailpipe emissions, the production of traction batteries leads to environmental and social burdens. In this context, authors assess the environmental and social impacts of a cell of Lithium ion traction battery in order to identify the most relevant aspects and the potential added value of performing both the assessments. Results show the relevance of the resources in terms of both environmental and social impacts. Moreover, the social assessment results pointed out the relevance of the geographical boundaries, often overlooked for in the environmental analysis. The combination of both the assessment …

Life cycle and internationalization of Finnish software product companies

2005

Diffusion of Software Technology Innovations in the Global Context

2002

This study examines how software businesses are acquiring new software technology innovations (STIs) in rapidly changing globalized business environment characterized by rapidly shortening software technology life cycles, changing customer demands, and intense competition. It was executed through both theoretical and empirical investigations and analyses. It describes one case company as an example of the diffusion of STI and develops a framework for the diffusion of software technology innovation. The research findings are useful for both further research and industrial settings. peerReviewed

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT EXPERIENCES FOR SOLAR HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS

2018

Solar heating and cooling systems can significantly contribute to the energy and climate European goals. A complete assessment of this contribution needs the analysis of these systems from a life-cycle perspective, in order to estimate the energy and environmental costs of their manufacturing and end-of-life, and to compare these costs with the benefits obtained during operation. A well-established methodology to fulfil this task is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The paper describes some LCA experiences of solar heating and cooling systems, developed within the Task 53 “New generation solar cooling & heating systems (PV or solar thermally driven systems)” of the International Energy A…

Domain Specific Case Tool for ICT-Enabled Service Design

2014

One major problem in service design is the limited availability of information gathered during the development process. In particular, information on end-user requirements is difficult for designers, developers, and maintainers to access. Here, we provide a mechanism that supports the gathering and modeling of various types of information throughout the service and software development life cycle. As various existing tools focus on a particular part of the life cycle, essential information is not available, or it is more difficult to obtain in later stages. The linkage between information collected in the different stages is often lost. The implemented tool support enables the modeling of r…

Aeolian Remobilisation of the 2011-Cordón Caulle Tephra-Fallout Deposit: Example of an Important Process in the Life Cycle of Volcanic Ash

2020

Although volcanic eruptions represent short periods in the whole history of a volcano, the large amount of loose pyroclastic material produced, combined with aeolian processes, can lead to continuous, long-lasting reworking of volcanic products. Driven by wind, these processes significantly influence the geomorphology and prolong the impacts of eruptions on exposed communities and ecosystems. Since such phenomena are of interest to scientists from a range of disciplines (e.g., volcanology, atmospheric and soil sciences), a well-defined, common nomenclature is necessary to optimise the multidisciplinary characterisation of both processes and deposits. We, therefore, first describe ash wind-r…

IT artefact renewal : triggers, timing and benefits

2011

Clathrin- and Caveolin-Independent Entry of Human Papillomavirus Type 16—Involvement of Tetraspanin-Enriched Microdomains (TEMs)

2008

BACKGROUND: Infectious entry of human papillomaviruses into their host cells is an important step in the viral life cycle. For cell binding these viruses use proteoglycans as initial attachment sites. Subsequent transfer to a secondary receptor molecule seems to be involved in virus uptake. Depending on the papillomavirus subtype, it has been reported that entry occurs by clathrin- or caveolin-mediated mechanisms. Regarding human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16), the primary etiologic agent for development of cervical cancer, clathrin-mediated endocytosis was described as infectious entry pathway. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using immunofluorescence and infection studies we show in contra…