Search results for " light"

showing 10 items of 1141 documents

New sunphotometer for network operation.

1983

A handheld sunphotometer has been developed and is described. It operates for 9 wavelengths in the visible and near infrared. The sensitivity range is rather broad, so it can be used in turbid as well as clear atmospheres. The operation is simple, and a digital readout helps prevent operator biases. The instrument is sun powered and suitable for network operations. Determination of the atmospheric turbidity due to aerosol and the column content of O3, NO2, H2O is possible.

Spectrometerbusiness.industryStray lightMaterials Science (miscellaneous)Near-infrared spectroscopyNetwork operations centerIndustrial and Manufacturing EngineeringAerosolPhotometry (optics)WavelengthOpticsEnvironmental scienceBusiness and International ManagementbusinessNear infrared radiationRemote sensingApplied optics
researchProduct

Lysozyme crystallization rates controlled by anomalous fluctuations

2005

Abstract Nucleation of protein aggregates and crystals is a process activated by statistical fluctuations of concentration. Nucleation rates may change by several orders of magnitude upon apparently minor changes in the multidimensional space of parameters (temperature, pH, protein concentration, salt type and concentrations, additives). We use available data on hen egg lysozyme crystal induction times in different solution conditions. We measure by static and dynamic light scattering the amplitudes and lifetimes of anomalously ample and long-lived fluctuations occurring in proximity of the liquid–liquid demixing region of the given lysozyme solutions. This allows determining the related sp…

SpinodalChemistryNucleationThermodynamicsStatistical fluctuationsCondensed Matter PhysicsLight scatteringlaw.inventionInorganic ChemistryOrders of magnitude (entropy)CrystallographyDynamic light scatteringlawMaterials ChemistryCrystallizationProtein crystallization
researchProduct

Effect of T-R conformational change on sickle-cell hemoglobin interactions and aggregation

2004

We compare the role of a conformational switch and that of a point mutation in the thermodynamic stability of a protein solution and in the consequent propensity toward aggregation. We study sickle-cell hemoglobin (HbS), the beta6 Glu-Val point mutant of adult human hemoglobin (HbA), in its R (CO-liganded) conformation, and compare its aggregation properties to those of both HbS and HbA in their T (unliganded) conformation. Static and dynamic light scattering measurements performed for various hemoglobin concentrations showed critical divergences with mean field exponents as temperature was increased. This allowed determining spinodal data points T(S)(c) by extrapolation. These points were …

SpinodalConformational changeLightProtein ConformationEntropyHemoglobin SickleEnthalpyMolecular ConformationNucleationThermodynamicsProtein aggregationBiochemistryHydrophobic effectDynamic light scatteringStructural BiologySpectroscopy Fourier Transform InfraredHumansPoint MutationScattering RadiationMolecular BiologyCell AggregationCarbon MonoxideChemistryTemperatureProteinsHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationCrystallographyModels ChemicalSpectrophotometryThermodynamicsProtein BindingEntropy (order and disorder)Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics
researchProduct

UV resistance of Bacillus subtilis spores - Involvement of DPA and characterization by photonic microscopy

2022

The aim of this project was to study the UVc resistance of Bacillus subtilis spores. The first part of this project focused on the dipicolinic acid molecule (DPA) which is known to be involved in the UV resistance of spores. However, some points remain unresolved. In particular, it is known that this molecule forms fluorescent photoproducts (DPAp), which were not identified at the beginning of this project. No information concerning the role of these DPAp in UVC resistance was available at that time. During this project, a protocol was established to follow the appearance of these photoproducts directly inside the spore core. A method was also set up to artificially introduce DPAp into the …

Spores[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and EcologyPhotochemistryLumière pulsé infrarougeSpores bactériennesDipicolinic acid (DPA)PhotochimiePhotoproduitAcide dipicolinique (DPA)Ultraviolet (UV)Infrared pulsed lightPhotoproduct
researchProduct

Search for WH production with a light Higgs boson decaying to prompt electron-jets in proton–proton collisions at \(\sqrt {s}=7\)  TeV with the ATLAS…

2013

A search is performed for WH production with a light Higgs boson decaying to hidden-sector particles resulting in clusters of collimated electrons, known as electron-jets. The search is performed with 2.04 fb[superscript −1] of data collected in 2011 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in proton–proton collisions at √s=7 TeV . One event satisfying the signal selection criteria is observed, which is consistent with the expected background rate. Limits on the product of the WH production cross section and the branching ratio of a Higgs boson decaying to prompt electron-jets are calculated as a function of a Higgs boson mass in the range from 100 to 140 GeV.

Standard ModelAtlas detectorGeneral Physics and AstronomyElectron7. Clean energy01 natural sciencesSignal selectionHigh Energy Physics - ExperimentLepton-JetsHigh Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)Naturvetenskap[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]Nuclear ExperimentQCPhysicsddc:539Large Hadron ColliderSettore FIS/01 - Fisica SperimentaleSignal selectionBranching ratioATLASLarge Hadron ColliderComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSINGHiggs bosonLHCNatural SciencesParticle Physics - ExperimentParticle physics530 PhysicsCiências Naturais::Ciências FísicasHiggs bosonAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena:Ciências Físicas [Ciências Naturais]FOS: Physical sciencesddc:500.2530Collimated lightNuclear physics0103 physical sciencesddc:530High Energy Physics010306 general physicsW BOSONScience & TechnologyProton proton collisions010308 nuclear & particles physicsBranching fractionATLAS detectorsHigh Energy Physics::PhenomenologyFísicaMassEnergiesHidden sectorProduction cross sectionHiggs boson; electron-jets; proton–proton collisions; ATLAS detectorHADRON-HADRON COLLISIONSExperimental High Energy PhysicsHigh Energy Physics::Experiment
researchProduct

Slow-light solitons

2007

We investigate propagation of slow-light solitons in atomic media described by the nonlinear � -model. Under a physical assumption, appropriate to the slow light propagation, we reduce the � -scheme to a simplified nonlinear model, which is also relevant to 2D dilatonic gravity. Exact solutions describing various regimes of stopping slow-light solitons can then be readily derived.

Statistics and ProbabilityPhysicsGravity (chemistry)General Physics and AstronomyStatistical and Nonlinear PhysicsNon linear modelSlow lightNonlinear systemClassical mechanicsExact solutions in general relativityModeling and SimulationNonlinear modelDilatonSolitonMathematical PhysicsJournal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical
researchProduct

Growth of a colloidal crystallite of hard spheres

1997

Abstract We examine the growth of a single nucleus of hard spheres in a super-saturated colloidal dispersion of hard spheres. A model developed by Bruce Ackerson and Klaus Schatzel based on a Wilson-Frenkel growth law is used. Our emphasis is on the profile of the radial density distribution around the growing (but still spherically symmetric) grain and its Fourier transform, the grain's form factor, which can be observed under small scattering angles in a dynamic light scattering experiment. Depending on the value of the supersaturation we can identify two limiting cases of different growth exponents and density profiles: one is the Frank theory of diffusion-limited growth and the other is…

Statistics and ProbabilitySupersaturationMaterials scienceCondensed matter physicsScatteringForm factor (quantum field theory)Crystal growthHard spheresCondensed Matter Physicssymbols.namesakeClassical mechanicsFourier transformDynamic light scatteringsymbolsCrystallitePhysica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications
researchProduct

Newton algorithm for Hamiltonian characterization in quantum control

2014

We propose a Newton algorithm to characterize the Hamiltonian of a quantum system interacting with a given laser field. The algorithm is based on the assumption that the evolution operator of the system is perfectly known at a fixed time. The computational scheme uses the Crank-Nicholson approximation to explicitly determine the derivatives of the propagator with respect to the Hamiltonians of the system. In order to globalize this algorithm, we use a continuation method that improves its convergence properties. This technique is applied to a two-level quantum system and to a molecular one with a double-well potential. The numerical tests show that accurate estimates of the unknown paramete…

Statistics and Probability[ MATH.MATH-OC ] Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC][ PHYS.QPHY ] Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph]Non uniquenessFOS: Physical sciencesGeneral Physics and AstronomyQuantum controlsymbols.namesake[PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph]Fixed time[ CHIM.OTHE ] Chemical Sciences/OtherQuantum systemNumerical testsMathematical PhysicsMathematicsQuantum PhysicsPropagatorStatistical and Nonlinear PhysicsNMRContinuation methodModeling and Simulationsymbolsinverse problemidentification02.30.Yy Control theory02.30.Tb Operator theory42.50.Ct Quantum description of interaction of light and matter; related experiments02.60.Cb Numerical simulation; solution of equations03.65.Ge Solutions of wave equations: bound states02.30.Mv Approximations and expansions[MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC]Quantum Physics (quant-ph)Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics)[CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/OtherAlgorithmcontrol
researchProduct

Effects of steric encumbrance of iridium( iii ) complex core on performance of solution-processed organic light emitting diodes

2020

Iridium(iii) complexes are the most frequently applied commercialized green and red emitters for organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays. Throughout years a significant research effort has been devoted to modify these compounds, in order to make them suitable for cost-effective solution-processing techniques, such as inkjet printing. To achieve this, the inherent tendency of the complex molecules to form poorly emissive aggregates needs to be suppressed. In many cases this has been achieved by an encapsulation of the iridium(iii) complex core with dendritic structures, composed of either passive or charge-transporting fragments. In order to validate this approach, we acquired three str…

Steric effectsMaterials scienceGeneral Chemical Engineeringchemistry.chemical_element02 engineering and technologyTrapping010402 general chemistry7. Clean energy01 natural sciences:NATURAL SCIENCES:Physics [Research Subject Categories]OLEDMoleculeIridiumInkjet printingCommon emitterbusiness.industryGeneral Chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology0104 chemical sciencesSolution processedOrganic light emitting diodes (OLED)chemistryCharge trappingIridium compoundsOptoelectronics0210 nano-technologybusinessRSC Advances
researchProduct

Using the fibre structure of paper to determine authenticity of the documents: analysis of transmitted light images of stamps and banknotes.

2014

A novel method is presented for distinguishing postal stamp forgeries and counterfeit banknotes from genuine samples. The method is based on analyzing differences in paper fibre networks. The main tool is a curvelet-based algorithm for measuring overall fibre orientation distribution and quantifying anisotropy. Using a couple of more appropriate parameters makes it possible to distinguish forgeries from genuine originals as concentrated point clouds in two- or three-dimensional parameter space.

Structure (mathematical logic)ta114business.industryOrientation (computer vision)Computer scienceTransmitted lightPoint cloudFiber networkPattern recognitionPathology and Forensic MedicineCounterfeitCurveletArtificial intelligencebusinessLawForensic science international
researchProduct