Search results for " live"

The use of same in chemotherapy-induced liver injury

2018

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains the most common cause of acute liver failure in the Western world. Chemotherapy is one of the major class of drugs most frequently associated with idiosyncratic DILI. For this reason, patients who receive chemotherapy require careful assessment of liver function prior to treatment to determine which drugs may not be appropriate and which drug doses should be modified. S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) is an endogenous agent derived from methionine. Its supplementation is effective in the treatment of liver disease, in particular intrahepatic cholestasis (IHC). The target of this review is to analyze the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity of the principal antican…

Ghrelin reduces hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid beta oxidation.

2007

Ghrelin is a 28-amino-acid peptide secreted during starvation by gastric cells. Ghrelin physiologically induces food intake and seems to alter lipid and glucid metabolism in several tissues such as adipose tissue and liver. Liver has a key position in lipid metabolism as it allows the metabolic orientation of fatty acids between oxidation and esterification. We investigated the effects of peripheral ghrelin administration on 2 crucial parameters of fatty acid oxidation: the levocarnitine (L-carnitine)-dependent entry of the fatty acids in the mitochondria and the mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Ghrelin was either given to rats prior to the hepatocyte preparation and culture or used to t…

Effects of aerobic exercise and diet intervention on glycaemic control and liver fat content in men and women aged 50–65 years with prediabetes and n…

2016

Abstract Background Prediabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease precede development of type 2 diabetes; however, appropriate lifestyle interventions might help to prevent such progression. We aimed to test whether aerobic exercise training and a high-fibre diet can reduce hepatic fat content and increase insulin sensitivity in individuals with prediabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods We did a randomised controlled trial in seven clinics in Yangpu district, Shanghai, China. We recruited individuals aged 50–65 years with impaired fasting glucose (5·6–6·9 mmol/L) or impaired glucose tolerance (2 h glucose 7·8–11·0 mmol/L) and diagnosed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.…

A Silybinphospholipid Complex Prevents Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress in Models of Chronic Liver Disease

2010

Endothelial dysfunction in morbid obesity.

2013

Morbid obesity is a chronic multifunctional disease characterized by an accumulation of fat. Epidemiological studies have shown that obesity is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Endothelial dysfunction, as defined by an imbalance between relaxing and contractile endothelial factors, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of these cardiometabolic diseases. Diminished bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) contributes to endothelial dysfunction and impairs endothelium- dependent vasodilatation. But this is not the only mechanism that drives to endothelial dysfunction. Obesity has been associated with a chronic inflammatory process, atherosclerosis, and oxidative stress. …

Public health policies and alcohol-related liver disease

2019

Summary: Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) represents a major public health problem worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, the highest levels of per capita alcohol consumption are observed in countries of the European Region. Alcohol consumption is also alarmingly increasing in developing countries. ALD is one of the main contributors to the burden of alcohol-attributable deaths and disability. In the United States, severe forms of ALD such alcoholic hepatitis have increased in the last decade and in the United Kingdom, three-quarters of liver-related mortality results from alcohol consumption. Besides genetic factors, there is strong evidence that the amount of alcohol co…

Machine Perfusions in Liver Transplantation: The Evidence‐Based Position Paper of the Italian Society of Organ and Tissue Transplantation

2020

The use of machine perfusion (MP) in liver transplantation (LT) is spreading worldwide. However, its efficacy has not been demonstrated, and its proper clinical use has far to go to be widely implemented. The Società Italiana Trapianti d’Organo (SITO) promoted the development of an evidence-based position paper. A 3-step approach has been adopted to develop this position paper. First, SITO appointed a chair and a cochair who then assembled a working group with specific experience of MP in LT. The Guideline Development Group framed the clinical questions into a patient, intervention, control, and outcome (PICO) format, extracted and analyzed the available literature, ranked the quality of th…

Role of exercise-induced hepatokines in metabolic disorders.

2019

International audience; The health-promoting effects of physical activity to prevent and treat metabolic disorders are numerous. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet completely deciphered. In recent years, studies have referred to the liver as an endocrine organ, since it releases specific proteins called hepatokines. Some of these hepatokines are involved in whole body metabolic homeostasis and are theorized to participate in the development of metabolic disease. In this regard, the present review describes the role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21, Fetuin-A, Angiopoietin-like protein 4, and Follistatin in metabolic disease and their production in response to acute exerci…

Management of Diabetes in Candidates for Liver Transplantation and in Transplant Recipients.

2021

Diabetes is common in patients wait-listed for liver transplantation due to end-stage liver disease or to hepatocellular cancer as well as in post-transplant phase (post-transplantation diabetes mellitus-PTDM). In both conditions the presence of diabetes severely affects disease burden and long-term clinical outcomes; careful monitoring and appropriate treatment are pivotal to reduce cardiovascular events and graft and recipients' death. We thoroughly reviewed the epidemiology of diabetes in the transplant setting and the different therapeutic options, from lifestyle intervention to antidiabetic drug use - including the most recent drug classes available - and to the inclusion of bariatric …

Placenta-derived CD95 ligand causes liver damage in hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count syndrome.

2004

Background & Aims: The HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets) syndrome is a life-threatening complication during pregnancy. The associated liver disease may be severe, and maternal hepatic complications may progress to the point that transplantation becomes necessary. CD95 (APO-1, Fas)-mediated apoptosis of liver cells is one of the major pathogenic mechanisms during liver disease. The interaction of CD95 with its ligand, CD95L(FasL), induces apoptosis and thus the source of the death-inducing ligand is critical for understanding the pathomechanism of liver damage involving the CD95-system. Methods: Sera from HELLP patients were analyzed and used in cell culture experiment…