Search results for " low-molecular-weight"
showing 10 items of 33 documents
Massive pulmonary embolism in a young boy with T-cell leukaemia. Successful thrombolytic therapy by recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA).
2014
SummaryAcute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious complication in association with malignant diseases. We describe the successful treatment of PE applying a systemic thrombolytic therapy in a 4-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.The thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) 0.1 mg/ kg bodyweight per hour for six hours was continued for six days without important side effects. In particular no bleeding complications were observed. Computed tomography with contrast revealed a remarkable regression of the central PE. Without further delays the chemotherapy was resumed.
Heparin in COVID-19 patients is associated with reduced in-hospital mortality: the multicentre Italian CORIST Study
2021
Abstract Introduction A hypercoagulable condition was described in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and proposed as a possible pathogenic mechanism contributing to disease progression and lethality. Aim We evaluated if in-hospital administration of heparin improved survival in a large cohort of Italian COVID-19 patients. Methods In a retrospective observational study, 2,574 unselected patients hospitalized in 30 clinical centers in Italy from February 19, 2020 to June 5, 2020 with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection were analyzed. The primary endpoint in a time-to event analysis was in-hospital death, comparing patients who receive…
Acute dialysis: PMN-elastase as a new parameter for controlling individual anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin (Fragmin).
1991
Despite the improvements in the development of dialyzer membranes with greater hemocompatibility, an activation of the coagulation system occurs when blood comes into contact with exogenous surfaces. The large number of heparin dosage regimens demonstrate the difficulty to adapt general therapeutic guidelines. Low molecular weight heparin (Fragmin®) was administered as a single bolus dose for anticoagulation during 58 acute dialyses. Anti-Xa-activity, the plasma levels of the lysosomal elastase of the polymorphnuclear granulocytes (“PMN-elastase”) and of the thrombin-antithrombin III-complex (TAT) were measured at hourly intervals. Therapeutic anti-Xa-levels did not show evidence of suffici…
The control of anti-coagulation in acute dialyses with sensitive laboratory parameters.
1992
In seven patients who had to be dialysed between four and 13 times due to acute renal failure, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) Fragmin was used for anticoagulation. According to dose-finding studies, 80-90 U kg-1 body weight of LMWH as a single bolus were administered initially, producing dose-related levels of 0.3-1.5 anti-factor Xa U ml-1 in plasma. Apart from the anti-Xa activity in the plasma, the thrombin anti-thrombin III complex (TAT complex) and a fibrin degradation product (D-dimer) were measured as parameters of a coagulation activation. A sufficient anti-coagulation during dialysis was supposed to exist at a normal range (5.0 micrograms l-1 or below) of TAT complex. Pathologi…
Low molecular weight heparins as antineoplastic agents.
2008
There is an increasing interest in the potential role of low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) in the management of cancer patients. These antithrombotic agents have generated particular excitement because they have been proved useful in both the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with malignancy. Recent reports are, at the same time, highlighting a potential role of LMWHs on patient survival due to their presumed antineoplastic action. This review will discuss the most recent reports and patents on these topics.
Fundamental Research in Oncology and Thrombosis 2 (FRONTLINE 2): A Follow‐Up Survey
2020
Abstract Background Fundamental Research in Oncology and Thrombosis (FRONTLINE) is a global survey of physicians' perceptions and practice in the management of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer. Materials and Methods The present survey, FRONTLINE 2, follows the original FRONTLINE survey (published in The Oncologist in 2003) and provides insights into how physicians perceive risk of VTE in cancer and approach its prophylaxis and treatment. Results Between November 2015 and February 2016, 5,233 respondents participated, representing cancer physicians and surgeons. Most believed that less than one in five patients with any cancer might be at risk of VTE, with a slightly high…
European guidelines on perioperative venous thromboembolism prophylaxis:Day surgery and fast-track surgery
2017
: In recent years, day surgery and fast-track surgery have experienced a continuous increase in volume. Many procedures are now performed on an outpatient protocol, including general, orthopaedic, oncological, reconstructive or vascular surgery. The management of these patients is safe, but the incidence of venous thromboembolism in this population remains unknown. Several risk factors can be identified and stratified derived from studies of inpatient surgical management (e.g. Caprini score). Recommendations for thromboprophylaxis should be tailored from the assessment of both personal and procedure-related risk factors, although with a lack of evidence for application in outpatient managem…
Anticoagulation in patients with traumatic brain injury.
2013
A major challenge in the treatment of brain-injured patients is the decision on indication and timing of prophylactic anticoagulation. In addition, an increasing number of patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI) are on preinjury anticoagulation therapy. Despite clear evidence for an increased risk of venous thromboembolic events and pulmonary embolism in traumatized patients without prophylactic anticoagulation, there is a lack of distinct recommendations and standardized clinical practice guidelines. This review summarizes current research evidence regarding post-traumatic prophylactic anticoagulation and management of patients with prehospital use of anticoagulants.In additio…
Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis in Patients with Ovarian Malignancy
1997
SummaryOvarian cancer cells appear to be capable of both thrombin formation and induction of fibrin degradation which may be essential prerequisites for the development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) as well as the spread of malignancy. To study further this coagulation – cancer interaction in 60 patients with untreated ovarian cancer of FIGO stage I-IV the incidence of DVT was recorded pre-operatively, postoperatively on day 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, before each of six cycles of Cisplati- num/Epirubicin/Cyclophosphamide chemotherapy, during follow-up and in the post-operative period of second look surgery. In addition, blood coagulation tests results were determined prospectively. Two patients were e…
Incidence of venous thromboembolism and use of anticoagulation in hematological malignancies: Critical review of the literature.
2018
Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) frequently complicates the course of hematologic malignancies (HM) and its incidence is similar to that observed in high-risk solid tumors. Despite that, pharmacologic prophylaxis and treatment of VTE in patients with HM is challenging, mainly because a severe thrombocytopenia frequently complicates the course of treatments or may be present since diagnosis, thus increasing the risk of bleeding. Therefore, in this setting, safe and effective methods of VTE prophylaxis and treatment have not been well defined and hematologists generally refer to guidelines produced for cancer patients that give indications on anticoagulation in patients with thrombocytopenia. In …