Search results for " memory"
showing 10 items of 1351 documents
Persistent random walks, variable length Markov chains and piecewise deterministic Markov processes *
2013
A classical random walk $(S_t, t\in\mathbb{N})$ is defined by $S_t:=\displaystyle\sum_{n=0}^t X_n$, where $(X_n)$ are i.i.d. When the increments $(X_n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$ are a one-order Markov chain, a short memory is introduced in the dynamics of $(S_t)$. This so-called "persistent" random walk is nolonger Markovian and, under suitable conditions, the rescaled process converges towards the integrated telegraph noise (ITN) as the time-scale and space-scale parameters tend to zero (see Herrmann and Vallois, 2010; Tapiero-Vallois, Tapiero-Vallois2}). The ITN process is effectively non-Markovian too. The aim is to consider persistent random walks $(S_t)$ whose increments are Markov chains with…
The 2014 Magnetism Roadmap
2014
Magnetism is a very fascinating and dynamic field. Especially in the last 30 years it has experienced many major advances in the full range from novel fundamental phenomena to new products. Applications such as hard disk drives and magnetic sensors are part of our daily life, and new applications, such as in non-volatile computer random access memory, are expected to surface shortly. Thus it is timely for describing the current status, and current and future challenges in the form of a Roadmap article. This 2014 Magnetism Roadmap provides a view on several selected, currently very active innovative developments. It consists of 12 sections, each written by an expert in the field and addressi…
Evolutionary ecology of immune priming in the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor
2017
Many organisms can improve their immune response as a function of their immunological experience, a phenomenon called immune priming. While the mechanisms through which immune priming is achieved remain unknown, individuals that survived to a given parasite are better protected against subsequent exposures. This immune priming can cross generations (trans-generational immune priming – TGIP), preparing offspring for prevailing parasite environment. Both individual and trans-generational immune priming might be adaptive and may have evolved from repeated challenges by the same pathogens during the host lifetime or across generation. While protection could be cross-reactive, a certain level of…
Impact of a non-consciously perceived odour on subsequent food choices
2013
Poster (1 page) ; http://www.pangborn2013.com/; International audience; Although people were initially considered as entirely conscious of the motivations driving their behaviour and choices, current research in psychology suggests that a significant part of choices and decision-making is influenced by unconscious processes (Bargh, & Chartrand, 1999; Dijksterhuis et al., 2005). To study the unconscious processes involved in food choice, we used the priming paradigm. In a first experiment, we showed that non-consciously perceived fruity odours impacted intentions of food choices (on a menu card), guiding participants toward more fruit and/or vegetable (Gaillet et al., under review). The pres…
Could a sensory education improve taste identification, willingness to taste vegetables and food memory in 5 to 7 years-oldchildren?
2013
Résumé 1 p. ; http://www.pangborn2013.com/; International audience; The first objective of this study was to characterise children according to their ability towards taste identification, their willingness to taste usually disliked vegetables and their ability to memorize food previously eaten. Those aspects are assumed to be important in overall food behaviour in children. Three tests for measuring these aspects in 5-7 years-old children were designed. These 3 tests were taken by 160 children aged 5 to 7. First results revealed that children were able to identify 37%, 34%, 29%, 26% and 22% of respectively sweet, salty, umami, bitter and sour taste. One half of children were not willing to …
Differential activation of neural networks in an odor recognition task: an event-related fMRI study
2010
Differential activation of neural networks in an odor recognition task: an event-related fMRI study. 32. Annual meeting (AChemS)
Single-cell RNA sequencing unveils the shared and the distinct cytotoxic hallmarks of human TCRVδ1 and TCRVδ2 γδ T lymphocytes
2019
γδ T lymphocytes represent ∼1% of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and even more cells in most tissues of vertebrates. Although they have important anticancer functions, most current single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) studies do not identify γδ T lymphocytes because their transcriptomes at the single-cell level are unknown. Here we show that high-resolution clustering of large scRNA-seq datasets and a combination of gene signatures allow the specific detection of human γδ T lymphocytes and identification of their T cell receptor (TCR)Vδ1 and TCRVδ2 subsets in large datasets from complex cell mixtures. In t -distributed stochastic neighbor embedding plots from blood and tumor sa…
Adaptative memory and animacy effect
2017
According to the adaptive memory view, human memory was shaped in the distant past to remember fitness relevant information (e.g., finding food, protecting ourselves from predators). An increasing number of studies favor this view, by showing that information related to to survival is memorized better than information not related to survival (Nairne, Thompson, & Pandeirada, 2007). Recently, a new type of findings further supports this functional approach of memory: animacy effects, that is to say the observation that animates (living things able of independent movements; e.g., baby, grasshopper) are remembered better than inanimates (non-living things e.g., teakettle, rope). One account of …
Comparison of RK and confidence judgement ROCs in recognition memory.
2011
author cannot archive publisher's version/PDF; International audience; Several indicators have been used to differentiate familiarity and recollection processes. One dualist theory stipulates that it is possible to decide whether memories come from a feeling of knowing or from a conscious retrieval of the encoding and storage conditions (remembering). Another dualist theory is based on an indirect estimation of familiarity and recollection via the subjective confidence associated with recognition responses, and from an analysis of the derived receiver operating characteristics (ROC). In the present study, participants were presented with target words or faces that they subsequently had to r…
The inhibitory effect of long-term associative representation on working memory
2020
Studies on how long-term memory affects working memory (WM) have found that long-term memory can enhance WM processing. However, these studies only use item memory as the representation of long-term memory. In addition to item memory, associative memory is also an essential part of long-term memory. The associative memory and item memory involve different cognitive mechanisms and brain areas. The purpose of the present study was to investigate how associative memory affects WM processing. Before the WM task, participants were asked to store 16 pairs of dissimilar pictures into long-term memory. The participants would obtain the associative memory of these pairs of pictures in the long-term …