Search results for " meningitis"

Predominance of Vγ9/Vδ2 T lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with tuberculous meningitis: Reversal after chemotherapy

1999

We analyzed the γδ T cell composition and responses in the peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children affected by tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and in control children. Peripheral blood and CSF samples were stimulated with different phosphoantigens and IL-2, and expansion of Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells assessed by FAC S analysis. Vγ9/Vδ2 lines were obtained by culturing CSF or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in vitro with phosphoantigens and IL-2 for 2 months, and tested for proliferation and cytokine production in response to phosphoantigens. Vδ2(D)Jδ junctional sequence length was assessed by PCR. The repertoire of γδ T cells from the CSF of TBM patients was characterized by …

The association between respiratory tract infection incidence and localised meningitis epidemics: an analysis of high-resolution surveillance data fr…

2017

AbstractMeningococcal meningitis epidemics in the African meningitis belt consist of localised meningitis epidemics (LME) that reach attack proportions of 1% within a few weeks. A meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine was introduced in meningitis belt countries from 2010 on, but LME due to other serogroups continue to occur. The mechanisms underlying LME are poorly understood, but an association with respiratory pathogens has been hypothesised. We analysed national routine surveillance data in high spatial resolution (health centre level) from 13 districts in Burkina Faso, 2004–2014. We defined LME as a weekly incidence rate of suspected meningitis ≥75 per 100,000 during ≥2 weeks; and…

Klinische Manifestation der Lyme-Borreliose im Kindesalter

1989

We report on 4 children with different clinical manifestations of Lyme-Borreliosis. One patient presented with a stage 2 typical aseptic meningitis and 2 others with symptoms of Schonlein-Henoch purpura and rheumatic disease respectively. A further case had bilateral palsy of abducens nerve and unilateral palsy of trochlearis nerve which are described for the first time in Lyme-Borreliosis. Diagnosis was established by detection of specific antibodies to Borrelia in all patients. Differential diagnosis of these symptoms should include Lyme-Borreliosis.

Imported and Indigenous cases of Invasive Meningocococcal Disease W:P1.5,2:F1-1: ST-11 in migrants' reception centers. Italy, June-November 2014.

2015

We report about three unliked cases of meningococcal meningitis caused by the ST-11/ET-37 strain of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W. Two of the three cases, detected in Sicily on June and July 2014, were migrants from Mali and Eritrea. The third case was a fatal meningitis occurred on November 2014 in a 37 years old man, working in an immigrant center in Calabria. This report suggests that tetravalent conjugate vaccines (ACYW) should be actively offered to the staff of migrants’ reception centers.

Features in tubercular meningoencephalitis diagnosis: 18 childhood cases

2008

The aim of this research is to illustrate clinical and instrumental features of central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS-TB) in childhood in order to allow prompt diagnosis and adequate patient management. TB remains one of the most important communicable diseases and represents a major global health problem. Although pulmonary TB tends to be the most common form of the disease, the highest mortality and morbidity occurs with TB of the central nervous system (CNS-TB), which develops in 4% of children with tuberculosis. It has a high fatality rate and causes serious sequelae, especially during childhood. CT and MR imaging studies of 18 patients (11 female, 7 male, mean age 45.72 months) were…

Severe tuberculous meningoencephalitis in a 30-year old woman with active systemic lupus erythematosus.

1997

Tuberculosis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromising diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It often is difficult to distinguish between central nervous system (CNS) involvement and infectious complications in SLE. We report the case of a 30-year-old woman with active SLE and severe tuberculous meningoencephalitis. The diagnosis of tuberculous meningoencephalitis was confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid culture examination, which revealed mycobacterium tuberculosis and typical findings for tuberculous meningoencephalitis on magnetic resonance imaging. Despite treatment with isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, streptomycin, and prednisone, the patient…

Meningitis bei 154 Kindern einer Kinderklinik in Deutschland: Klinische und epidemiologische Aspekte

1992

In a retrospective study, the histories of the non-neonates treated for primary meningitis in the Pediatric Department of Mainz University Hospital between 1986 and 1989 were analyzed with regard to etiological, diagnostic, clinical and epidemiological criteria. In the period studied there were 37 cases of infectious meningitis (11 Neisseria meningitidis (29.7%), 7 H. influenzae (18.9%), 3 S. pneumoniae (8.1%), 16 other (43.2%)), and 117 cases of acute aseptic meningitis syndrome (12 mumps virus (10.3%), 3 Borrelia burgdorferi (7.7%), 3 FSME (2.6%), 2 herpes simplex virus, 91 other (77.8%)). Sixty-six percent of the patients were male. Of the infants with infectious meningitis, 68% were und…

Recurrent Meningitis Associated With Duane Syndrome Type 1

2012

We present the case of a 17-month-old male patient with a bilateral Duane syndrome type 1 associated to unilateral cochleovestibular dysplasia, perilymphatic fistula and recurrent meningitis. Diagnosis was carried out by MRI and CT scan. His management and treatment are described, as well as the postoperative evolution. We believe this is an exceptional case due to the low frequency of this syndrome, as well as to the otoneurological complications.

2020

Coxsackievirus B (CVB) enteroviruses are common human pathogens known to cause severe diseases including myocarditis, chronic dilated cardiomyopathy, and aseptic meningitis. CVBs are also hypothesized to be a causal factor in type 1 diabetes. Vaccines against CVBs are not currently available, and here we describe the generation and preclinical testing of a novel hexavalent vaccine targeting the six known CVB serotypes. We show that the vaccine has an excellent safety profile in murine models and nonhuman primates and that it induces strong neutralizing antibody responses to the six serotypes in both species without an adjuvant. We also demonstrate that the vaccine provides immunity against …

How the knowledge of interactions between meningococcus and the human immune system has been used to prepare effective Neisseria meningitidis vaccines

2015

In the last decades, tremendous advancement in dissecting the mechanisms of pathogenicity ofNeisseria meningitidisat a molecular level has been achieved, exploiting converging approaches of different disciplines, ranging from pathology to microbiology, immunology, and omics sciences (such as genomics and proteomics). Here, we review the molecular biology of the infectious agent and, in particular, its interactions with the immune system, focusing on both the innate and the adaptive responses. Meningococci exploit different mechanisms and complex machineries in order to subvert the immune system and to avoid being killed. Capsular polysaccharide and lipooligosaccharide glycan composition, in…