Search results for " metabolism"
showing 10 items of 4843 documents
Identification of a discrete neuronal circuit that relays insulin signaling into the brain to regulate glucose homeostasis
2021
Abstract26RFa (QRFP) is a biologically active peptide that regulates glucose homeostasis by acting as an incretin and by increasing insulin sensitivity at the periphery. 26RFa is also produced by a neuronal population localized in the hypothalamus. In the present study, we have investigated whether the 26RFa neurons may be involved in the hypothalamic regulation of glucose homeostasis. Our data indicate that 26RFa, i.c.v. injected, induces a robust antihyperglycemic effect associated with an increase of insulin production by the pancreatic islets. In addition, we found that insulin strongly stimulates 26RFa expression and secretion by the hypothalamus. RNAscope experiments revealed that neu…
Validity, Reliability, and Sensitivity to Change of DiCI for the Strength Measurement of Knee and Hip Muscles
2020
Many professionals use the handheld dynamometers (HHDs) to assess isometric strength. This study aimed to evaluate the validity, reliability, and sensitivity to change of a DiCI (a new HHD) for the...
Social control of testicular steroidogenic capacities in the Siamese fighting fishBetta splendens Regan
1987
Male Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens Regan) of the veiltail variety were raised. At the age of 4 ½ months they were either isolated or community-housed for 2 ½ months. After that time the relative fin lengths were determined, and the in vitro metabolism of testosterone by the testes of the fishes was investigated. Community-housed specimens had shorter fins than the isolated males. Their testes formed less 11-oxy- and more 5β-steroids than those of the isolated males. This difference was even larger when high- and low-ranking community-based specimens were compared. The appearance of low-ranking males resembled that of females, and the main products of their testes were 5β-reduced st…
Lipid Activates mTORC1 and mTORC2 in the Absorption of Dietary Triglycerides
2018
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) senses amino acids; however, its role in lipid metabolism is less established. Organismal lipid requirements are largely met through dietary intake. How nutrient sensing mechanisms in gut interface with dietary fat remains unclear. Here we reveal fundamental and cooperative roles for mTOR complexes 1 and 2 (mTORC1/2) in absorption of dietary triglycerides. Dietary lipid activates mTORC1/2 signaling in gut. Hyperactivating mTORC1 by deleting Tsc1 is sufficient to promote triglyceride absorption and metabolic disease in high fat-fed mice. Conversely, blocking mTORC1/2 by deleting Raptor or Rictor each decreases triglyceride absorption. Loss of Raptor seq…
Former male elite athletes have better metabolic health in late life than their controls
2015
Elite-class athletes have longer life expectancy and lower risk for chronic noncommunicable diseases possibly because of physically active and healthier lifestyle. In this study, we assessed former male Finnish elite-class athletes' (n = 392) and their matched controls' (n = 207) body composition, and risk for the metabolic syndrome (MS) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in later life. Compared with the controls, the former athletes had lower body fat percentage (24.8% vs 26.0%, P = 0.021), lower risk for MS [odds ratio (OR) 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40-0.81], and NAFLD (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.42-0.88). High volume of current leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) was associ…
Effect of genetic polymorphisms involved in folate metabolism on the concentration of serum folate and plasma total homocysteine (p-tHcy) in healthy …
2015
Data on the effect of combined genetic polymorphisms, involved in folate metabolism, on the concentration of serum folate after folic acid supplementation are scarce. Therefore, we investigated the impact of seven gene polymorphisms on the concentration of serum folate and p-tHcy in healthy subjects after short-term folic acid supplementation. In a randomized, double blind, crossover study, apparently healthy subjects were given either 0.8 mg folic acid per day (n = 46) or placebo (n = 45) for 14 days. The washout period was 14 days. Fasting blood samples were collected on day 1, 15, 30 and 45. Data on subjects on folic acid supplementation (n = 91) and on placebo (n = 45) were used for the…
Fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor in type II diabetes mellitus
1992
A hypercoagulable state may contribute to the formation of early vascular lesions in diabetes. The von Willebrand factor is required for the attachment of platelets to the subendothelium; fibrinogen is required for platelet aggregation. This study was designed to assess in type II diabetic patients plasma levels of fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor to see if these variables are associated with platelet aggregation responses to adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Fibrinogen and the von Willebrand factor were significantly increased in diabetics but only fibrinogen was significantly related to platelet aggregation for ADP. Strict metabolic control does not reduce the increased concentrations of t…
SIRT1 regulation of insulin-signalling pathways in liver, white adipose tissue and pancreas during fasting or calorie restriction
2007
In an excellent review by Yang et al.[1], published in issue 5 of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, the involvement of the human sirtuin SIRT1 in nutrient-sensing and insulin-signalling pathways is explained. The regulation of SIRT1 with fasting in liver, pancreas and white adipose tissue is illustrated (see Figure 2 of Yang et al.). We consider that the depiction in the article by Yang et al. could be misleading for the reader, and we propose a modified version (Figure 1).
Product of aromatase activity in intact LNCaP and MCF-7 human cancer cells
1997
We investigated conversion rates of androgens to estrogens in cultured, hormone-responsive prostate (LNCaP) and breast (MCF-7) human cancer cells. For this purpose, we adopted an intact cell analysis, whereby cells were incubated for different incubation times in the presence of close-to-physiological (1 nM) or supraphysiological (1 μM) concentrations of labelled androgen precursors, i.e. testosterone (T) and androstenedione (Δ4Ad). The aromatase activity, as measured by estrogen formation, was detected in LNCaP cells (0.5 pmol/ml), even though to a significantly lower extent than in MCF-7 cells (5.4 pmol/ml), using 1 μM T after 72 h incubation. Surprisingly, LNCaP cells displayed a much hi…
On the hemagglutinating and hemolytic activity of measles virus variants.
1967
The hemagglutinating (HA) and hemolytic (HL) activity of two measles virus variants, differing with regard to type of CPE and other characteristics, have been investigated.