Search results for " mill"
showing 10 items of 274 documents
Estimation of the environmental hazard of organochlorines in pulp mill biosludge used as soil fertilizer
1993
Abstract Contents of total organic chlorine and polychlorinated phenols, guaiacols, catechols, benzenes, cymenes, cymenenes, naphthalenes, toxic dibenzodioxins, toxic dibenzofurans, toxic PCB congener 77, alkylated dibenzofurans, alkylated bibenzyls and alkylated phenanthrenes in spent biosludges from activated sludge treatment plants of chlorobleaching kraft pulp mills are reported. Some estimations of hazard caused by these organochlorines to humans and wildlife from the use of biosludge as soil fertilizer are constructed and discussed.
Organic chlorine compounds in lake sediments. III. Chlorohydrocarbons, free and chemically bound chlorophenols
1990
Abstract Chlorohydrocarbons and free and chemically bound chlorophenols, catechols and guaiacols were measured from lake sediments in Central Finland. Chlorohydrocarbons occurred at low backround levels except chlorocymenes from pulp mills and PCBs near the city of Aanekoski, where a local leakage occurrs. Free chlorophenols (hexane extractables) were found in all 18 areas studied, but the bound ones (extracted with strong alkali) only in the pulp mill reciepient lakes where they dominated. Preliminary analyses of chemically bound chlorophenols in high molecular fractions of spent bleach liquors and pulp mill effluents indicated that majority of chlorocatechols and guaiacols are bound alrea…
Alkylated dibenzothiophenes in pine needles from pulp and paper mill environment
1998
Abstract Concentrations of alkylated dibenzothiophenes (C n DBTs) in pine needles in a recipient area of the emissions from a pulp and paper mill where also waste combustion was done were measured. The concentrations (ng/g dry weight) of C 1 DBTs were in the range of 2 DBTs in the range of 3 DBTs in the range of 3 DBTs] > [C 2 DBTs] > [C 1 DBTs]. The pulp mill could not be shown to be the source of C 1 C 3 DBTs in the pine needles. Other possible sources are situated in the vicinity of the pulp and paper mill. Long-range transport, either, cannot be excluded as a possible source.
Transport of high molecular mass lignin material in the receiving water system of a mechanical pulp mill
1998
High molecular mass material (HMM) of water samples collected from the receiving water system of a mechanical pulp mill was characterized applying cupric oxide oxidation combined with GC and HPLC analysis of the oxidation products. This qualitative method was used to follow the transport of organic HMM discharged by the mill. The interpretation of results was complicated by degradation reactions of HMM in the water system and the assimilation of HMM produced by the mill to natural humic compounds. The analytical data was subjected to the principal component analysis (PCA) to verify the results obtained.
The Evolution of Pulp and Paper Industries in Finland, Sweden, and Norway, 1800–2005
2012
In this chapter, we study Finland, Sweden and Norway as examples of countries with small firm populations without intense domestic competition. This has enabled firms to build certain organizational capabilities while neglecting others. The basic story-line in the Nordic paper industry evolution is that a few firms that emerged as industrial populations were (a) built on to exploit abundant raw materials (timber, water, labor); (b) focused to a large extent on exporting their products; and (c) relied on cooperation between competitors to success in competition with the large firms populations of Britain and Germany – the two main markets for Nordic paper industry products.
PCA and PLS methods applied to ecotoxicological data: Ecobalance project
1996
Within a case study ‘Ecobalance’, the fate and effects of various chlorinated and non-chlorinated organic compounds and some heavy metals discharged from pulp and paper mills into water, sediment and aquatic animals were studied in a recipient area of southern Lake Saimaa, SE Finland. The main aim of the project was to find an empirical link between chemical emission parameters and ecotoxicological effects expressed in the ecosystem. As part of the \‘Ecobalance’ project, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) methods were used to interpret the data of the lake area. The PLS method was used to estimate the lake area affected by mill effluents and to calculate the …
Importance of ligand speciation in environmental research:A case study
2001
The speciations of EDTA and DTPA in process, waste and river waters are modelled and simulated, specifically to the mode of occurrence in the pulp and paper mill effluents and subsequently in receiving waters. Due to relatively short residence times in bleaching process and waste water treatment and slow exchange kinetics, it is expected that the thermodynamic equilibrium is not necessarily reached. Therefore, the initial speciation plays a key role. As such, the simulations have been extended to the process waters of the pulp and paper industry taking into account estimated average conditions. The results reveal that the main species are; Mn and Ca complexes of EDTA and DTPA in pulp mill p…
Bioaccumulation of dioxins, coplanar PCBs, PCDEs, HxCNs, R-PCNs, R-PCPHs and R-PCBBs in fish from a pulp-mill recipient watercourse
1993
Abstract Pike, perch and lake bream from the river Kymijoki were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for toxic polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs), hexachlorinated naphthalenes (HxCNs), non-ortho substituted polychlorinated biphenyls (coplanar PCBs) and alkylchloroaromatics of pulp mill origin. In most fish, the only congener of PCDD/PCDFs found was 2,3,7,8-TeCDF (
Synthesis of chlorinated alkylbibenzyls and 9-chlororetene
1995
Abstract The synthesis of chlorinated alkylbibenzyls and 9-chlororetene is described. These compounds were synthesized for use as model compounds in analytical and toxicological characterization. The structures of the synthesized model compounds found to be very similar to those identified in pulp mill effluent and products. The 1H NMR and mass spectral data for the compounds are also reported.
Changes in water quality in Lake Päijänne following decrease of effluent load from the pulp and paper industry in 1969–1989
1992
Lake Paijanne, the second largest lake in Finland, has been seriously polluted since the 1960s due to the effluents from pulp and paper mills, notably the Aanekoski sulphate and sulphite pulp mills situated about 50 km north of the lake, and the sulphite pulp mill and paper mills of Jamsankoski and Kaipola on Central Lake Paijanne.