Search results for " mixture"
showing 10 items of 1018 documents
Glycoconjugate vaccines and immune interactions, and implications for vaccination schedules.
2011
Conjugate vaccines using diphtheria toxoid variant (CRM(197)), diphtheria toxoid and tetanus toxoid (TT) as carrier protein may induce immune interactions (interference or impairment as measured by lower antibody levels, or enhancement [higher antibody levels]) when coadministered with other vaccines. Immune enhancement occurs when two TT conjugates are coadministered. CRM(197) conjugate vaccines induce immune bystander interference when given with diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccines, which reduces responses to coadministered Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine conjugated to TT. These bystander effects are greater as the amount of CRM(197) administered increases. When large am…
Synthesis of Liquid-Crystalline Colloids in Nonpolar Media and their Manipulation in Electric Fields
2009
The first synthesis of anisotropic liquid-crystalline colloids in silicone oil by a direct (radical) polymerization of a monomer in THF/silicone oil mixtures with the help of siloxane containing stabilizers is described. The size of the colloids is in the lower μm range and can be adjusted by varying the mixture. The resulting colloids show a bipolar director configuration if they are small (<1.5 μm) and a radial configuration if they are larger. The colloids are sterically stabilized, and, due to the nonpolarity of the solvent, the disturbing effects of migrating ions are excluded and experiments in the electric field can be conducted. Both line formation in DC fields and a periodic switch…
Assessing fat-tailed sequential forecast distributions for the Dow-Jones index with logarithmic scoring rules
2007
We use the logarithmic scoring rule for distributions to assess a variety of fat-tailed sequential forecasting distributions for the Dow-Jones industrial stock index from 1980 to the present. The methodology applies Bruno de Finetti''s contributions to understanding how to compare the quality of different coherent forecasting distributions for the same sequence of observations, using proper scoring rules. Four different forms of forecasting distributions are compared: a mixture Normal, a mixture of convex combinations of three Normal distributions, a mixture exponential power distribution, and a mixture of a convex combination of three exponential power distributions. The mixture linear com…
Pectin as Drug-Release Vehicle
2020
Pectin as a natural biopolymer is extensively used for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications, essentially due to its gelling properties that could be influenced by pectin sources and extraction methods. This chapter focuses on an overview of pectin drug delivery systems classified by their administration routes. Oral drug delivery systems have been mainly developed, as pectin could be used in tablets as binder or matrix excipients and in microparticles/beads obtained by ionotropic gelation. The main objective is to target the colon, as pectin is resistant in acidic pH and sensitive to pectinolytic enzymes in the colon. To obtain suitable properties, pectin could be used in its native s…
Herbal hepatotoxicity: a hidden epidemic
2011
Complementary and alternative therapies, including herbal products, have become increasingly popular in the general population and among patients and physicians. Regulations and pharmacovigilance regarding herbal drugs are still incomplete and need to be improved. In fact, herbals are commonly marketed on the Internet, and in many countries they are sold as food supplements, which are beyond the control of drug regulatory agencies. In Europe and the U.S., reports of hepatotoxicity from these products, including those advertised for liver diseases, are accumulating. Many herbal drugs are also commonly used in children, and in women during pregnancy and lactation, because they are believed to…
Asphalt mixtures improved with plastic additives: mix design and case study in an airport
La crescente domanda di prestazioni e le esigenze di salvaguardia dell’ecosistema spingono a sviluppare nuove tecnologie di lavorazione, a sperimentare l’impiego di nuovi materiali, a migliorare i metodi di progetto delle miscele. Il criterio seguito è quello di un impiego più razionale delle risorse e dell’utilizzo di tecniche a basso impatto ambientale. Per ragioni tecniche ed economiche stiamo assistendo al fenomeno di espansione nel mercato degli additivi, impiegati nella produzione di miscele bituminose per migliorarne le prestazioni e ridurre i costi. In generale, però riuscire a soddisfare tutti gli obiettivi con un unico prodotto è difficile, perché l’alta qualità richiede costi più…
Growth of nucleation mode particles in the summertime Arctic: a case study
2016
Abstract. The summertime Arctic lower troposphere is a relatively pristine background aerosol environment dominated by nucleation and Aitken mode particles. Understanding the mechanisms that control the formation and growth of aerosol is crucial for our ability to predict cloud properties and therefore radiative balance and climate. We present an analysis of an aerosol growth event observed in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago during summer as part of the NETCARE project. Under stable and clean atmospheric conditions, with low inversion heights, carbon monoxide less than 80 ppbv, and black carbon less than 5 ng m−3, we observe growth of small particles, < 20 nm in diameter, into sizes ab…
Soil microbial biomass and bacterial diversity in southern European regions vulnerable to desertification
2022
Abstract Soil functionality is strongly dependent on the soil microbiota, which in turn is affected by soil quality and climate. Among global change factors, desertification is the most threatening ecosystem change affecting southern Europe, but the effects on the soil microbiota are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated soil microbial biomass and bacterial diversity in regions of southern European countries (Spain, Portugal and Italy), most under desertification risk, and related to key soil chemical-physical indicators and land use. Soil microbial biomass was positively related, to soil organic carbon (SOC) but bacterial diversity was negatively correlated with it. pH was the mo…
A study of chemical characteristics of soil in relation to street trees status in Riga (Latvia)
2013
Abstract The chemical composition of soil and appropriate supply of nutrients are very important factors for normal plant growth and development. Lime tree ( Tilia x vulgaris H.), is a popular tree species used for urban landscaping in Europe. However, there is little information on the chemical element concentrations available to and recommended for T. x vulgaris in urban soils. The objectives of this study were: (1) to investigate the amount of nutrients, de-icing salts and heavy metals available for uptake by trees in the city centre on a seasonal scale; and (2) to assess the relationship between the vitality of T. x vulgaris and soil chemistry. The research was carried out in five stree…
Unbundling technology adoption and tfp at the firm level. Do intangibles matter?
2012
We use a panel of European firms to investigate the relationship between intangible assets and productivity. We distinguish between total factor productivity (tfp) and technology adoption, whereas standard estimations consider only a notion of productivity that conflates the two effects. Although we are unable to address simultaneity, we allow for the existence of multiple technologies within sectors through a mixture model approach. We find that intangible assets have nonnegligible effects that both push firms toward better technologies (technology adoption effects) and allow for more efficient exploitation of a given technology (tfp effects).