Search results for " mycorrhizal fungi"

Interactions of fungi with other organisms.

2013

Living organisms establish complex networks of mutualistic and antagonistic interactions in nature, which impact strongly on their own survival and on the stability of the whole population. Fungi, in particular, can shape natural as well as man-managed ecosystems due to their ubiquitous occurrence and the range of interactions they establish with plants, animals and other microbes. This review describes some examples of mutualistic and antagonistic fungal interactions that are of particular interest for their ecological role, or because they can be exploited by man to improve plant health and/or productivity in sustainable agriculture and forestry.

Raspberry biotisation for quality plant production

2008

International audience; Biotisation with beneficial mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria has been shown to be efficient in improving raspberry plant growth, particularly during the acclimatisation phase of in vitro produced plants. It also increases raspberry tolerance to Phytophthora fragariae var rubi which causes disastrous effects in the field and is not efficiently controlled by fungicides. The contamination of young plants during their multiplication has been a major source of spreading for this disease. For quality insurance, it is therefore important to produce plants which are healthy and devoid of P. fragariae var rubi contamination. In addition, the raspberry market is growing followin…

Detection of a plant enzyme exhibiting chlorogenate-dependant caffeoyltransferase activity in methanolic extracts of arbuscular mycorrhizal tomato ro…

2012

When Glomus intraradices-colonised tomato roots were extracted in methanol at 6 degrees C, chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinic acid), naturally present in the extract, was slowly converted by transesterification into methyl caffeate. The progress of the reaction could be monitored by HPLC. The reaction only occurred when the ground roots were left in contact with the hydro-alcoholic extract and required the presence of 15-35% water in the mixture. When the roots were extracted in ethanol, chlorogenic acid was transformed to ethyl caffeate in the same conditions. The reaction was also detected in Glomus mosseae-colonised tomato root extracts. It was also detectable in non-mycorrhizal root ext…

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and maternal plant sex on seed germination and early plant establishment.

2015

Premise of the study: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi usually enhance overall plant performance, yet their effects on seed germi- nation and early plant establishment, crucial steps in plant cycles, are generally overlooked. In gynodioecious species, sexual dimorphism in these traits has been reported, with females producing seeds that germinate at a faster rate than seeds from hermaphrodites. • Methods: Using the gynodioecious plant Geranium sylvaticum, I investigated in a greenhouse experiment whether the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal spores affects seed germination and early plant establishment, examining at the same time whether the sex of the mother producing the seeds also influence…

Molecular and agronomic responses to plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in durum wheat

2013

Plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi contribute to plant nutrient uptake by increasing the availability of nutrients and the root adsorbing surface (Garg et al., 2006; Asghar et al. 2002). The first objective of this study was to determine the effects of these associations on plant total biomass and grain yield in durum wheat (cv. Anco Marzio). Secondly, we aimed to analyze the root transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in response to mychorrizal infections and the expression pattern of key genes involved in nutrient uptake and stress responses. Field analysis were carried out in inner Sicily, a typical Mediterranean area. Four types of biotic a…

Ex vitro mycorrhization of vitro-derived plantlets of 'Carrizo' citrange [C. Sinensis (L.) Osb. × P. Trifoliata (L.) Raf.]

2015

In this study, vitro-derived plantlets of 'Carrizo' citrange were inoculated with Glomus intraradices during the acclimatization phase, from in vitro to in vivo. Plantlets were grown in presence (+M) and in absence of inoculum (-M) and in addition, in sterile and non-sterile substrate. After three months of culture, some vegetative parameters and the level of infection, varied greatly in the different theses. In particular, the highest formation of new branched roots has been observed in inoculated plantlets cultivated in sterile substrate. Good results were observed also in non-inoculated plantlets cultivated in non-sterile substrate, in presence of endemic inoculum. The same trend was obs…

SIMBIONTI RADICALI DI ASTRAGALUS NEBRODENSIS (GUSS.) STROBL.

2013

Le leguminose spontanee mediterranee hanno un elevato potenziale nei processi di rinaturalizzazione di ecosistemi degradati o semiaridi poiché stabiliscono simbiosi radicali con batteri azoto-fissatori e funghi micorrizici i quali, agendo sinergicamente, avvantaggiano la pianta per la nutrizione e la resistenza agli stress. Astragalus nebrodensis è un arbusto perenne appartenente alla famiglia delle Fabaceae, endemico in Sicilia; i simbionti radicali di questa specie non sono noti. Gli obiettivi di questo studio sono stati: 1) l’analisi della diversità dei rizobi simbionti di Astragalus nebrodensis; 2) la valutazione dell’effetto dell’inoculo di rizobi da collezione e di funghi micorrizici …

OVERVIEW OF SOME TECHNIQUES ON DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI (A CASE STUDY IN ITALY)

2019

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are mutualistic symbionts widespread among both cultivated and wild plants. They have different beneficial roles including stimulating plant growth and tolerance to wide varieties of biotic as well as abiotic stresses. So,the exact and optimize methods for quantification and detection of these fungi in roots and soils are necessary.These techniques are based on fungal sporesmorphological characterization as well as molecular characterization of fungi in soil or root samples.The work was carried out at the Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP) of the National Research Council of Italy (CNR) in Turin. For this purpose, the AM fungal root colonization p…

Le specie alloctone invasive in Sicilia: caratterizzazione del fenomeno, strategie di colonizzazione e possibili strategie di contrasto

2014

Yield and Quality of Mini-Watermelon as Affected by Grafting and Mycorrhizal Inoculum

2016

Grafting and mycorrhizal fungi have gained interest for the positive effects they can have on vegetable crops. The aim of this work was to study the combined effect of grafting with Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on fruit yield and quality of mini-watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (thumb.) Matsum and Nakai]. Ungrafted plants or grafted onto rootstock RS 841 F1 (Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata) were transplanted to the field. During cultivation half of the plants were inoculated with a suspension of AMF. Plant growth, fruit yield and quality were evaluated. The inoculation of AMF determined a significant increase of root colonisation both for grafted and ungrafted plants…