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A study of insulin resistance using the minimal model in nondiabetic familial combined hyperlipidemic patients.
1998
The presence of insulin resistance in 20 male nondiabetic patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) and 20 controls of similar age and body mass index (BMI) was investigated using the minimal model method modified by the administration of insulin and an oral glucose tolerance test. The peripheral sensitivity of insulin, expressed as the insulin sensitivity index (Si), was 1.91 ± 1.05 and 2.86 ± 1.19 × 10−4 · min−1 · mU/L in FCH patients and controls, respectively (P < .01), and the corresponding value for the peripheral utilization of glucose independently of insulin (Sg) was 1.70 ± 1.13 in FCH patients and 2.35 ± 0.60 × 10−2 · min−1 in controls (P < .02). In the FCH group, the S…
Metabolic changes induced by combined prolonged exercise and low-calorie intake in man
1984
Thirteen middle-aged women and 10 men walked 344 km during 7 days. The daily walking distances were 57, 53, 67, 53, 41, 36, and 37 km at an average speed of 3.5 km X h-1. During the hike the subjects drank water, mineral drinks, and juices ad libitum. Except for some natural products, no food intake was allowed. During the hike the body weight and serum protein concentration of the subjects decreased by about 7%, on average. Serum triglyceride and total cholesterol decreased drastically, about 30-40% during the hike, but HDL-cholesterol showed a tendency to increase, giving a 40% increment in HDL/total cholesterol ratio. Serum free fatty acids rose 1.5-2 times above the starting level. Seru…
Effects of marathon running on plasma total homocysteine concentrations.
2003
Summary Aims There is evidence of an excess of acute cardiovascular (CV) events in marathon runners. High plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations are a recognised risk factor for CV events. Therefore, we investigated the changes in plasma tHcy concentrations 24 h before and after a marathon race. Methods and results Twenty-two non-professional male athletes, mean age 35.6 (6.6), range 23–49 years, were studied the day before and 24 h after finishing a marathon race. None of the athletes was a carrier of the MTHFR 677TT genotype and no ingestion of supplements of vitamins (B12, B6, folic acid) was allowed. Results Changes in plasma folate and plasma vitamin B12 concentrations were no…
Effects of gemfibrozil on insulin sensitivity and on haemostatic variables in hypertriglyceridemic patients.
2000
In order to assess the efficacy of gemfibrozil on lipid and haemostatic parameters in patients with plurimetabolic syndrome, a multicenter double-blind placebo controlled, parallel study was carried out in 56 patients with primary hypertriglyceridemia and glucose intolerance. These patients had elevated PAI activity and antigen and t-PA antigen levels at rest and after venous occlusion. Gemfibrozil reduced plasma triglyceride levels (P0.001), whereas it increased free fatty acids (P0.05) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P0.05). In those patients reaching normalization of plasma triglyceride levels (triglyceride reductionor =50%) (n=15), insulin levels (P0.05) as well as the …
Ethnic differences in serum lipoproteins and their determinants in South African women.
2010
The objective of the study was to characterize ethnic differences in lipid levels and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size and subclasses in black and white South African women and to explore the associations with insulin sensitivity (S(I)), body composition, and lifestyle factors. Fasting serum lipids and LDL size and subclasses, body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and S(I) (frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test) were measured in normal-weight (body mass index25 kg/m(2)) black (n = 15) and white (n = 15), and obese (body mass index30 kg/m(2)) black (n = 13) and white (n = 13) women. Normal-weight and obese black women had lower triglycerides (0.59 +/…
Glycated albumin with loss of fatty acid binding capacity contributes to enhanced arachidonate oxygenation and platelet hyperactivity: relevance in p…
2014
High plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), transported bound to serum albumin, are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The effects of albumin on platelet function were investigated in vitro. Modifications of albumin, such as those due to glycoxidation, were found in patients with T2D, and the consequences of these modifications on biological mechanisms related to NEFA handling were investigated. Mass spectrometry profiles of albumin from patients with T2D differed from those from healthy control subjects. Diabetic albumin showed impaired NEFA binding capacity, and both structural and functional alterations could be reproduced in vitro by incubating native albumin wi…
Involvement of hydrogen and lipid peroxides in acute tobacco smoking-induced platelet hyperactivity
1995
Previous studies have established that cigarette smoking results in acute platelet hyperaggregability. We investigated whether changes in plasma oxidative properties could occur after smoking and whether such changes could be responsible for this enhanced platelet activity. In the present work, we report that platelets from nonsmokers become hyperactive after incubation with plasma prepared from blood of smokers obtained 10 min after smoking. This effect was not observed with presmoking plasma and could be inhibited in vitro by adding either catalase or reduced glutathione plus peroxidase to plasma or 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT) to platelets before incubation. Comparison of pre- and p…
Curasan PRP kit vs. PCCS PRP system
2002
An important reason to improve methods of isolating platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is the potential use of autologous thrombocyte growth factors. In addition to discontinuous cell separation, two methods for extracting PRP that can be performed directly by the surgeon are now available. This study compared the suitability of these two methods for the preparation of PRP. Whole blood was drawn from 47 healthy donors (18 men, 29 women) aged 20-59 years (mean 29.9, SD 7.7). For each donor, PRP was separated by the PCCS method (PCCS Kit, 3i Implant Innovations, Palm Beach Gardens, FL, USA) and by the Curasan method (analogous to the PRP kit, Curasan, Kleinostheim, Germany). Thrombocyte counts differ…
Stable changes in CD4+ T lymphocyte miRNA expression after exposure to HIV-1
2012
Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) inhibit HIV-1 expression by either modulating host innate immunity or by directly interfering with viral mRNAs. We evaluated the expression of 377 miRNAs in CD4+ T cells from HIV-1 élite long-term nonprogressors (éLTNPs), naive patients, and multiply exposed uninfected (MEU) patients, and we observed that the éLTNP patients clustered with naive patients, whereas all MEU subjects grouped together. The discriminatory power of miRNAs showed that 21 miRNAs significantly differentiated éLTNP from MEU patients and 23 miRNAs distinguished naive from MEU patients, whereas only 1 miRNA (miR-155) discriminated éLTNP from naive patients. We proposed that miRNA expression ma…
Levo folinic acid and 5-fluorouracil plus high dose epidoxorubicin as first line treatment for metastatic breast carcinoma
1993
Twenty-two women affected by metastatic breast carcinoma have been treated with a combination of levo folinic acid 100 mg/m 2 plus 5-fluorouracil 450 mg/m 2 i.v. on day 1-2, and epidoxorubicin 75-90 mg/m 2 on day 2. This treatment cycle was repeated every 21-28 days. No patients had previously received chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Fourteen patients (64%) showed a major objective response with 3 complete (14%) and 11 partial responses (50%). Three patients showed a stabilization of disease and 5 (23%) progressed. All patients received ondansetron as antiemetic treatment which led to complete protection from vomiting in 68% of cases. Grade 1-2 diarrhea was recorded in 27% of the patie…