Search results for " norm"
showing 10 items of 887 documents
Sequence diversity in the pe_pgrs genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is independent of human T cell recognition.
2014
ABSTRACT The Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome includes the large family of pe_pgrs genes, whose functions are unknown. Because of precedents in other pathogens in which gene families showing high sequence variation are involved in antigenic variation, a similar role has been proposed for the pe_pgrs genes. However, the impact of immune selection on pe_pgrs genes has not been examined. Here, we sequenced 27 pe_pgrs genes in 94 clinical strains from five phylogenetic lineages of the M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC). We found that pe_pgrs genes were overall more diverse than the remainder of the MTBC genome, but individual members of the family varied widely in their nucleotide diversity and in…
Proprietà collettiva, usi civici e ordinamento civile in italia
2021
Collective ownership, in its various manifestations dating back over time that have as their object the belonging, use, management of large portions of land for agricultural, pasture or woodland purposes, constitutes another way of possessing these assets by communities concerned, so as to allow the collective use of some real estate while assuring the conservation of the natural environment as a heritage of man and the society in which he lives. Collective ownership, also known as ?civic uses?, has been the subject of important decisions made by Constitutional Court which recognized its belonging to the civil system of Italy, being them real rights relating to real estate. Recently, the le…
l'organizzazione del dipartimento di salute mentale
2007
Socioloģija (Latvijas Universitātes Raksti, 808.sēj.)
2015
Computing Sum of Products about the Mean with Pairwise Algorithms
1997
We discuss pairwise algorithms, a kind of computational algorithm which can be useful in dynamically updating statistics as new samples of data are collected. Since test data are usually collected through time as individual data sets, these algorithms would be profitably used in computer programs to treat this situation. Pair-wise algorithms are presented for calculating the sum of products of deviations about the mean for adding a sample of data (or removing one) to the whole data set.
Comparing normal means: new methods for an old problem
2007
Comparing the means of two normal populations is an old problem in mathematical statistics, but there is still no consensus about its most appropriate solution. In this paper we treat the problem of comparing two normal means as a Bayesian decision problem with only two alternatives: either to accept the hypothesis that the two means are equal, or to conclude that the observed data are, under the assumed model, incompatible with that hypothesis. The combined use of an information-theory based loss function, the intrinsic discrepancy (Bernardo and Rueda 2002}, and an objective prior function, the reference prior \citep{Bernardo 1979; Berger and Bernardo 1992), produces a new solution to this…
Los derechos fundamentales como normas jurídicas materiales en la teoría de Robert Alexy
2011
RESUMEN. La teoría de los derechos fundamentales de Robert Alexy se fundamenta en un concepto material de norma jurídica que es de carácter doble. Por un lado, se define por los rasgos propios de los principios, en consonancia con la idea de argumentación correcta. Pero, por otro lado, sigue teniendo peso la validez jurídica de las normas que contienen derechos fundamentales, consideradas como reglas constitucionales. Tal y como se argumenta en el trabajo, esta ambigüedad de la teoría de la norma de Alexy permite distintos acercamientos, positivistas y no positivistas, que es signo de su riqueza teórica. ABSTRACT. The theory of the civil rights of Robert Alexy is based on a material concept…
Formal Variation and Language Change in Catalan Quantifiers : the Role of Pragmatics
2020
This article studies the formal variation of the masculine singular forms of the quantifiers u/un 'one', algú/algun 'someone, some', ningú/ningun 'no-one, anyone, not one, any, none' and cada u/cada un 'everyone, each one' in contemporary Catalan. The standard uses of these forms are contrasted with dialectal uses, obtained from a thorough search in oral and written corpora. In addition, they are compared with the uses in the other Romance languages and with their historical evolution in Catalan. The whole set of data, and especially the dialectal information on the Valencian area, allow us to explain the various factors that have interacted in the variation and formal change of these quant…
Approximating the solutions of differential inclusions driven by measures
2019
The matter of approximating the solutions of a differential problem driven by a rough measure by solutions of similar problems driven by “smoother” measures is considered under very general assumptions on the multifunction on the right-hand side. The key tool in our investigation is the notion of uniformly bounded $$\varepsilon $$-variations, which mixes the supremum norm with the uniformly bounded variation condition. Several examples to motivate the generality of our outcomes are included.
Rivoluzione cognitivista e teoria del diritto: un programma di ricerca
2017
Questo scritto ha un carattere esclusivamente programmatico. È dedicato alla presentazione delle linee essenziali di un programma di ricerca nel quale siamo impegnati già da un po’ di tempo, e che intendiamo sviluppare nel prossimo futuro. Nei primi due paragrafi tratteggiamo sommariamente il contesto culturale e scientifico della “rivoluzione cognitivista”, nel quale il nostro programma si colloca (behavioural law and economics; responsabilità e imputabilità; euristiche e bias nella decisione giudiziale). Nel terzo paragrafo elenchiamo le linee di ricerca affini già battute da altri autori. Il quarto paragrafo è dedicato alla formulazione del nucleo centrale del nostro programma: quali son…