Search results for " ontology"

Mobile Ontologies

2008

The number of mobile subscribers in the world is soon reaching the three billion mark. According to the newest estimates, majority of the subscribers are already in the developing countries, whereas the number of subscribers in the industrialized countries is about to stagnate around one billion. Because especially in the developing countries the only access to Internet are mobile devices, developing high quality services based on them grows in importance. Ontologies are an important ingredient towards more complicated mobile services and wider usage of mobile terminals. In this article, we first discuss ontology and epistemology concepts in general. After that, we review ontologies in the …

An efficient distributed algorithm for generating and updating multicast trees

2006

As group applications are becoming widespread, efficient network utilization becomes a growing concern. Multicast transmission represents a necessary lower network service for the wide diffusion of new multimedia network applications. Multicast transmission may use network resources more efficiently than multiple point-to-point messages; however, creating optimal multicast trees (Steiner Tree Problem in networks) is prohibitively expensive. This paper proposes a distributed algorithm for the heuristic solution of the Steiner Tree Problem, allowing the construction of effective distribution trees using a coordination protocol among the network nodes. Furthermore, we propose a novel distribut…

OWL2: The Next Step for OWL

2008

Since achieving W3C recommendation status in 2004, the Web Ontology Language (OWL) has been successfully applied to many problems in computer science. Practical experience with OWL has been quite positive in general; however, it has also revealed room for improvement in several areas. We systematically analyze the identied short-comings of OWL, such as expressivity issues, problems with its syntaxes, and deficiencies in the definition of OWL species. Furthermore, we present an overview of OWL 2 -- an extension to and revision of OWL that is currently being developed within the W3C OWL Working Group. Many aspects of OWL have been thoroughly reengineered in OWL 2, thus producing a robust plat…

Domain-Specific OWL Ontology Visualization with OWLGrEd

2015

The OWLGrEd ontology editor allows graphical visualization and authoring of OWL 2.0 ontologies using a compact yet intuitive presentation that combines UML class diagram notation with textual Manchester syntax for expressions. We present an extension mechanism for OWLGrEd that allows adding custom information areas, rules and visual effects to the ontology presentation thus enabling domain specific OWL ontology visualizations. The usage of OWLGrEd and its extensions is demonstrated on ontology engineering examples involving custom annotation visualizations, advanced UML class dia-gram constructs and integrity constraints in semantic database schema design.

Probabilistic techniques for bridging the semantic gap in schema alignment

Connecting pieces of informations from heterogeneous sources sharing the same domain is an open challenge in Semantic Web, Big Data and business communities. The main problem in this research area is to bridge the expressiveness gap between relational databases and ontologies. In general, an ontology is more expressive and captures more semantic information behind data than a relational database does. On the other side, databases are the most common used persistent storage system and they grant benefits such as security and data integrity but they need to be managed by expert users. The problem is quite significant above all when enterprise or corporate ontologies are used to share infomation…

Building Ontologies from XML Data Sources

2009

In this paper, we present a tool called X2OWL that aims at building an OWL ontology from an XML datasource. This method is based on XML schema to automatically generate the ontology structure, as well as, a set of mapping bridges. The presented method also includes a refinement step that allows to clean the mapping bridges and possibly to restructure the generated ontology.

Transforming XML documents to OWL ontologies: A survey

2015

The aims of XML data conversion to ontologies are the indexing, integration and enrichment of existing ontologies with knowledge acquired from these sources. The contribution of this paper consists in providing a classification of the approaches used for the conversion of XML documents into OWL ontologies. This classification underlines the usage profile of each conversion method, providing a clear description of the advantages and drawbacks belonging to each method. Hence, this paper focuses on two main processes, which are ontology enrichment and ontology population using XML data. Ontology enrichment is related to the schema of the ontology (TBox), and ontology population is related to …

Sequencing, De Novo Assembly and Annotation of the Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Transcriptome

2012

Background. The Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) is a major pest and a serious threat to potato cultivation throughout the northern hemisphere. Despite its high importance for invasion biology, phenology and pest management, little is known about L. decemlineata from a genomic perspective. We subjected European L. decemlineata adult and larval transcriptome samples to 454-FLX massively-parallel DNA sequencing to characterize a basal set of genes from this species. We created a combined assembly of the adult and larval datasets including the publicly available midgut larval Roche 454 reads and provided basic annotation. We were particularly interested in diapause-specific g…

Towards the observation of Territorial Energy Systems : a geographical design approach for energy territorialisation

2014

Having an effect on a system calls for a thorough knowledge of it. The main goal of this research is toprovide a general framework for the interpretation of geographic information, as well as a methodologicalframework to understand the interrelations between territory and energy in the context of a territorialobservatory. A literature review of energy planning on the one hand and spatial planning on the other revealssimilar developments in the two fields, in particular in terms of decentralisation and environmental concerns.The change of geographical scale chosen for the analysis brings new possibilities for public intervention. Inthis context, therefore, local authorities have a key role t…

Assessing the reliability of gene expression measurements in very-low-numbers of human monocyte-derived macrophages

2019

Abstract Tumor-derived primary cells are essential for in vitro and in vivo studies of tumor biology. The scarcity of this cellular material limits the feasibility of experiments or analyses and hence hinders basic and clinical research progress. We set out to determine the minimum number of cells that can be analyzed with standard laboratory equipment and that leads to reliable results, unbiased by cell number. A proof-of-principle study was conducted with primary human monocyte-derived macrophages, seeded in decreasing number and constant cell density. Gene expression of cells stimulated to acquire opposite inflammatory states was analyzed by quantitative PCR. Statistical analysis indicat…