Search results for " order"
showing 10 items of 827 documents
NbxRu6-xTe8, New Chevrel-Type Clusters Containing Niobium and Ruthenium,
1996
Phases of composition Nb(x)()Ru(6)(-)(x)()Te(8) were prepared by reacting stoichiometric mixtures of the elements at high temperature in evacuated silica ampules. The structure of Nb(3.33)Ru(2.67)Te(8) was refined from X-ray powder data using the Rietveld method. Nb(3.33)Ru(2.67)Te(8) crystallizes isotypic with Mo(6)Q(8) (Q = S, Se, Te) in the rhombohedral space group Rthremacr; with the hexagonal lattice parameters a = 10.34106(5) Å, c = 11.47953(7) Å, and Z = 3. Its structure consists of M(6)Te(8) mixed-metal clusters (M = Nb, Ru) which are connected by intercluster M-Te bonds to form a three-dimensional network. Metal-metal bonding in these phases is analyzed in terms of Pauling bond ord…
EU external policy at the crossroads: The challenge of actorness and effectiveness
2013
The goal of this Special Issue is to improve our conceptualisation and empirical understanding of EU actorness and effectiveness in International Relations. While the European Union aspires to play a greater global role, its actorness and effectiveness cannot be taken for granted given the nature of the EU as a multi-level and semi-supranational polity encompassing 28 Member States with diverse foreign policy preferences. The EU is presently at an important crossroad. On the one hand, its external policy stature and capacity have been boosted by institutional innovations and by the Union’s increased involvement in the full spectrum of international issues. On the other hand, a number of fa…
The European Union in a Changing World Order: What Is at Stake?
2019
This introductory chapter aims to shed light on how tightly the EU and the liberal international order are entwined and discuss the likely impact on the EU of a changing and, most likely, less liberal world order. The chapter discusses the concept of order in international politics and analyses how the liberal order that emerged after WWII has effected the development of the EU. The chapter introduces the book’s interdisciplinary, holistic approach, and discusses how a changing world order is affecting the EU and how the EU, in turn, is trying to shape the emerging new order by recalibrating its policies and actions in various domains, ranging from its relations with the rest of the world, …
Artistic value of audience index
2016
Una de las manifestaciones de la cultura actual es su tendencia a la horizontalizacion. Marcel Duchamp senalo ya hace casi un siglo esta realidad, que comenzo a materializarse en la esfera artistica con la industria cinematografica y que ha alcanzado su maxima expresion con la revolucion digital. Internet, ha venido a cambiar, o mejor, a demostrar de facto lo que algunos teoricos senalan desde hace decadas. Y es que las audiencias no son esa masa uniforme, pasiva, aislada y, por tanto, facilmente controlable por la Industria Cultural o por el poder politico o economico. En la sociedad telematica, la facilidad de acceso a la oferta y la saturacion informativa exigen una participacion al espe…
The role of animacy in online argument interpretation in Mandarin Chinese
2011
The present event-related brain potential (ERPs) study demonstrates that online argument interpretation in verb-final structures in Mandarin Chinese is modulated by two factors: a preference for Undergoer-before-Actor orders and a preference for animate Actor arguments. Participants listened to sentences with NP(animate)-NP(inanimate)-verb or NP(inanimate)-NP(animate)-verb orders embedded in minimal contexts. Sentences were disambiguated towards either an Actor-initial or an Undergoer-initial order by the clause-final verb. Between 450 and 700 ms post verb onset, we observed an anterior negativity for sentences violating both preferences (inanimate-Actor-initial structures) vs. sentences fu…
Higher-order polarizations on the Virasoro group and anomalies
1991
In a previous paper the authors showed that the space of (first order) polarized functions on the Virasoro group is not, in general, irreducible. The full reduction was explicitly achieved by taking the orbit of the enveloping algebra through the vacuum. This additional step provided the proper quantization in the “strong-coupling” domain 0<c≦1. In this paper we introduce the concept of “higher order polarization” as a generalization of that of polarization. We prove that the imposing of the additional (higher-order) polarization conditions is equivalent to the taking of the above-mentioned orbit. This demonstrates that the generalized (higher-order) polarization conditions suffice to obtai…
La convergence des systèmes nationaux de gouvernance: une perspective contingente
2009
The objective of this paper is to show that the answer to the question of convergence of national systems of governance is contingent on a number of assumptions. The first assumption bears on the functions and the formal mechanisms characterizing the systems of governance. The second concerns the possibility to define a unique national system of governance for all the firms of a nation. The third focuses on the process of homogenization of national systems of governance attributed to globalization.
The assignment of powers in an open-ended European Union
2003
Presented at CESIFO Conference “A Constitution for the EU”, February 2003; International audience; A major characteristic of the European Union is its transitional or evolving nature, in particular with regard to the assignment of powers between the two main levels of government. More precisely, under current constitutional arrangements, this evolving nature takes the form of an integration process which tends to be monotonous, that is, which can only with great difficulty be reversed. The paper is mainly devoted to the explanation of how this comes about and what effects this has on other features of the process. As a concluding remark, however, it suggests that an additional criterion for…
Valoda: nozīme un forma. 5: Opozīcijas sintaksē un semantikā
2014
Rakstu krājums „Valoda: nozīme un forma. 5. Opozīcijas sintaksē un semantikā” ir Latvijas Universitātes Humanitāro zinātņu fakultātes Latviešu un vispārīgās valodniecības katedras 2013. un 2014.gadā rīkoto zinātnisko semināru referātu apkopojums. Semināra temats 2013.gadā bija „Noliegums un tā izpausme valodā”, 2014. gadā šis temats tika turpināts jau plašākā kontekstā – „Opozīcijas sintaksē un semantikā”. 2014.gada seminārs un arī rakstu krājums „Valoda: nozīme un forma. 5. Opozīcijas sintaksē un semantikā” veltīts latviešu sintakses pētnieka, ilggadēja LU docētāja Jūlija Kārkliņa (1924–1982) 90 gadu jubilejai.
Measurement of high order Kerr refractive index of major air components: erratum
2010
A clarification is missing concerning the high order Kerr non-linearities deduced from our experimental data published in [Opt. Express 17, 13429-13434 (2009)]. Here, we rectify this omission by making explicit the distinction between cross-Kerr and Kerr effects, and by extrapolating the value of the nonlinear refractive index for the last effect. Since the occurrence of sign inversion in the Kerr effect is not affected, the overall report in [Opt. Express 17, 13429-13434] remains valid.