Search results for " order"

showing 10 items of 827 documents

Confronting current NLO parton fragmentation functions with inclusive charged-particle spectra at hadron colliders

2013

The inclusive spectra of charged particles measured at high transverse momenta ($p_T\gtrsim$2GeV/c) in proton-proton and proton-antiproton collisions in the range of center-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s}=200-7000$GeV are compared with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations using seven recent sets of parton-to-hadron fragmentation functions (FFs). Accounting for the uncertainties in the scale choices and in the parton distribution functions, we find that most of the theoretical predictions tend to overpredict the measured LHC and Tevatron cross sections by up to a factor of two. We identify the currently too-hard gluon-to-hadron FFs as the probable source of the problem, and justify…

Particle physicsNuclear and High Energy PhysicsNuclear TheoryHadroneducationTevatronFOS: Physical sciencesPartonPROTON114 Physical sciencesSpectral lineHigh Energy Physics - ExperimentNuclear physicsNuclear Theory (nucl-th)High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)DISTRIBUTIONSSCATTERINGQCD ANALYSISNuclear ExperimentParticle Physics - PhenomenologySUPPRESSIONPhysicsLarge Hadron ColliderPP COLLISIONSROOT-S=7 TEVta114High Energy Physics::PhenomenologyPerturbative QCDCharged particleEVOLUTIONHigh Energy Physics - PhenomenologyDistribution functionHigh Energy Physics::ExperimentTRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM SPECTRATO-LEADING ORDERNuclear Physics B
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A measurement of the photon structure function F-2(gamma) at an average Q(2) of 12 GeV2/c(4)

1995

The hadronic photon structure function F_{2}^{gamma} has been measured in the Q^{2} range from 4 to 30~GeV^2/c^{4} and down to x values of order 0.001, using data taken with the DELPHI detector at LEP between 1991 and 1993. A comparison is made with several F_{2}^{gamma} parameterizations with special emphasis on their low x behaviour. A result on the Q^{2} evolution of F_{2}^{gamma} is presented.

Particle physicsPhotonPhysics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)LEP; DELPHI; hadronic photon structureHadronMONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONStructure (category theory)01 natural sciencesC-4Partícules (Física nuclear)JET FRAGMENTATIONlaw.inventionQ2Nuclear physicsMONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION F2; JET FRAGMENTATION; E+E-PHYSICS; QCD; Q2; SCATTERING; ORDERlaw0103 physical sciencesRange (statistics)SCATTERINGhadronic photon structure010306 general physicsDELPHIQuantum chromodynamicsPhysicsE+E-PHYSICS010308 nuclear & particles physicsScatteringEmphasis (telecommunications)DetectorOrder (ring theory)ORDERLEPQCDLARGE ELECTRON POSITRON COLLIDERPhoton structure functionPARTICLE PHYSICS; LARGE ELECTRON POSITRON COLLIDER; DELPHIMass spectrumPARTICLE PHYSICSFísica nuclearSTRUCTURE-FUNCTION F2
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L'ordine dell'amore in Blaise Pascal

2021

The author focuses on the question of love in Pascal which finds its most exhaustive treatment in the fragment on the three orders. Furthermore, it focuses on the epistemological and ethical implications of Pascal's thesis.

Pascal Love Order Descartes Reason.Settore M-FIL/01 - Filosofia Teoretica
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Patterns in words and languages

2004

AbstractA word p, over the alphabet of variables E, is a pattern of a word w over A if there exists a non-erasing morphism h from E∗ to A∗ such that h(p)=w. If we take E=A, given two words u,v∈A∗, we write u⩽v if u is a pattern of v. The restriction of ⩽ to aA∗, where A is the binary alphabet {a,b}, is a partial order relation. We introduce, given a word v, the set P(v) of all words u such that u⩽v. P(v), with the relation ⩽, is a poset and it is called the pattern poset of v. The first part of the paper is devoted to investigate the relationships between the structure of the poset P(v) and the combinatorial properties of the word v. In the last section, for a given language L, we consider …

PatternApplied MathematicsPartial order on wordStructure (category theory)Set (abstract data type)CombinatoricsFormal languagesSection (category theory)MorphismRegular languagePartial order on wordsDiscrete Mathematics and CombinatoricsOrder (group theory)Partially ordered setWord (group theory)MathematicsDiscrete Applied Mathematics
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Uniaxial Pressure Effect on Electric Properties of PSN and 0.95PSN-0.05PLuN Ceramics

2006

The dielectric, pyroelectric and hysteresis loops measurements of PSN and 0.95PSN-0.05PLuN ceramics stress-free and under the stress (0–1.5 kbar) have been carried out. It was shown that axial pressure seems to change the partially ordered state to a disordered one, shifts the phase transformation and decreases the thermal hysteresis of the dielectric permittivity and the field-polarization hysteresis. These effects can be connected with change in domain structure, inter-ionic distances and defect density under the action of uniaxial pressure. The thermodynamic parameters of the phase transition were also determined.

PermittivityStress (mechanics)Condensed Matter::Materials SciencePhase transitionCharge orderingHysteresisMaterials scienceCondensed matter physicsPhase (waves)DielectricCondensed Matter PhysicsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsPyroelectricityFerroelectrics
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How does stiffness of polymer chains affect their adsorption transition?

2020

The adsorption transition and the structure of semiflexible adsorbed macromolecules are studied by a molecular dynamics simulation of a coarse-grained, bead-spring type model. Varying chain length N and stiffness κ (which is proportional to the persistence length lp in d = 3 dimensions) as well as the strength ϵwall of the adsorption potential, the adsorbed monomer fraction, orientational bond order parameter, and chain linear dimensions are studied. In the simulations, excluded volume interactions normally are included but can be “switched off,” and thus, the influence of excluded volume (leading to deviations from predictions of the wormlike chain model) can be identified. It is shown tha…

Persistence lengthchemistry.chemical_classificationMaterials science010304 chemical physicsGeneral Physics and AstronomyThermodynamicsPolymer010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesBond order0104 chemical sciencesMolecular dynamicschemistry.chemical_compoundMonomerAdsorptionChain (algebraic topology)chemistry0103 physical sciencesExcluded volumePhysical and Theoretical ChemistryThe Journal of chemical physics
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Efficient parallel tempering for first-order phase transitions

2007

We present a Monte Carlo algorithm that facilitates efficient parallel tempering simulations of the density of states g(E) . We show that the algorithm eliminates the supercritical slowing down in the case of the Q=20 and Q=256 Potts models in two dimensions, typical examples for systems with extreme first-order phase transitions. As recently predicted, and shown here, the microcanonical heat capacity along the calorimetric curve has negative values for finite systems.

Phase transitionDensity of statesFinite systemddc:530Parallel temperingStatistical physicsPhysik (inkl. Astronomie)First orderHeat capacitySupercritical fluidMonte Carlo algorithmMathematicsJ
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Signatures of topological phase transitions in Josephson current-phase discontinuities

2016

Topological superconductors differ from topologically trivial ones for the presence of topologically protected zero-energy modes. To date, experimental evidence of topological superconductivity in nanostructures has been mainly obtained by measuring the zero-bias conductance peak via tunneling spectroscopy. Here, we propose an alternative and complementary experimental recipe to detect topological phase transitions in these systems. We show in fact that, for a finite-sized system with broken time-reversal symmetry, discontinuities in the Josephson current-phase relation correspond to the presence of zero-energy modes and to a change in the fermion parity of the groundstate. Such discontinui…

Phase transitionFOS: Physical sciences02 engineering and technologyClassification of discontinuitiesTopology01 natural sciencesSymmetry protected topological orderSuperconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)Quantum mechanics0103 physical sciencesMesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)ElectronicOptical and Magnetic Materials010306 general physicsQuantum tunnellingTopological quantum numberElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materials; Condensed Matter PhysicsSuperconductivityPhysicsCondensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale PhysicsCondensed matter physicsCondensed Matter - SuperconductivityFermionCondensed Matter Physics021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology0210 nano-technologyGround state
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Two-state protein-like folding of a homopolymer chain

2010

Many small proteins fold via a first-order "all-or-none" transition directly from an expanded coil to a compact native state. Here we study an analogous direct freezing transition from an expanded coil to a compact crystallite for a simple flexible homopolymer. Wang-Landau sampling is used to construct the 1D density of states for square-well chains of length 128. Analysis within both the micro-canonical and canonical ensembles shows that, for a chain with sufficiently short-range interactions, the usual polymer collapse transition is preempted by a direct freezing or "folding" transition. A 2D free-energy landscape, built via subsequent multi-canonical sampling, reveals a dominant folding …

Phase transitionMaterials scienceEnergy landscapeFOS: Physical sciencesThermodynamicsPhi value analysis02 engineering and technologyPhysics and Astronomy(all)Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed MatterMicrocanonical thermodynamics01 natural sciences0103 physical sciencesFolding funnelProtein folding010306 general physicsCondensed Matter - Statistical MechanicsPhase transitionQuantitative Biology::BiomoleculesStatistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)Energy landscape021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyContact orderChevron plotWang-LandauSoft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)Protein foldingDownhill folding0210 nano-technologyPhysics Procedia
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Transition path to a dense efficient-packed post-delafossite phase. Crystal structure and evolution of the chemical bonding

2021

We are thankful for the financial support received from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and the Agencia Estatal de Investigación under national projects PGC2018-094417-B-I00 (co-financed by EU FEDER funds), MAT2016-75586-C4-1-P/2-P, FIS2017-83295-P, PID2019-106383GB-C41/C42 and RED2018- 102612-T (MALTA Consolider), and from Generalitat Valenciana under project PROMETEO/2018/123. D.S-P, A.O.R, and J.A.S acknowledge financial support of the Spanish MINECO for the RyC-2014-15643, RyC-2016-20301, and RyC-2015-17482 Ramón y Cajal Grants, respectively.

Phase transitionMaterials scienceMechanical EngineeringMetals and Alloys02 engineering and technologyCrystal structureengineering.material010402 general chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciencesBond order0104 chemical sciencesCrystalDelafossiteCrystallographyChemical bondMechanics of MaterialsAb initio quantum chemistry methodsPhase (matter)Materials Chemistryengineering0210 nano-technologyJournal of Alloys and Compounds
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