Search results for " perinatology and child health"
showing 10 items of 1747 documents
Acetazolamide treatment for infantile central sleep apnea.
2001
Central sleep apnea is a common respiratory pattern in healthy neonates. Nevertheless, frequent central sleep apnea associated with drops in oxygen saturation may contribute to infantile morbidity. Recently, low-dose acetazolamide was shown to reduce symptomatic central sleep apnea in adults. We treated 12 infants, median conceptional age 42 weeks (range, 40-44 weeks), with central sleep apnea. In all cases, the central apnea index was >40/h total sleeping time (apnea ≥ 3 sec). The cumulative duration of drops in oxygen saturation below 90% was more than 3 min/h total sleeping time. All individuals received acetazolamide 7 mg/kg/day (orally, divided in three doses) for 11 weeks. Polysomn…
Fetal rhabdomyomatous nephroblastoma. Pathologic histology and special clinical and biologic features.
1980
Fetal rhabdomyomatous nephroblastoma is a very rare variant of Wilms' tumor. The special clinical and histologic features of this variant are presented on the basis of a case seen in a boy who was 13 months old at nephrectomy 8 months ago and has remained healthy since then. The tumor chiefly consists of fetal striated muscle; it occurs predominantly in infancy and early childhood and is often bilateral. Angiography shows a relative paucity of vessels. The volume of the tumor (determined by ultrasonography) decreases only slightly after preoperative radio- and chemotherapy because of a predominance of mesenchymal structures. The finding of nodular renal blastema in renal parenchyma with an …
Emotional and cognitive adjustment in abused children
1994
Research on the impact of maltreatment on children has increased in the last years, as there is a need to design appropriate treatment strategies. Social, cognitive, and emotional areas may be affected in these children. This research is aimed to study the psychological functioning of child victims, particularly in their emotional and cognitive adjustment. Nineteen children (10.3 years old) with case histories of at least 2 years of physical and emotional parental abuse and a group of 26 nonmaltreated children (9.4 years old) matched in socio-economic characteristics and coming from the same community area were compared in depressive symptomatology and attributional style by using the stand…
Childhood history of abuse and child abuse potential: The role of parent's gender and timing of childhood abuse
2014
It has been suggested that being physically abused leads to someone becoming a perpetrator of abuse which could be associated to parents' gender, timing of the physical abuse and specific socio-demographic variables. This study aims to investigate the role the parents' gender, timing of childhood abuse and socio-demographic variables on the relationship between parents' history of childhood physical abuse and current risk for children. The sample consisted of 920 parents (414 fathers, 506 mothers) from the Portuguese National Representative Study of Psychosocial Context of Child Abuse and Neglect who completed the Childhood History Questionnaire and the Child Abuse Potential Inventory. The …
Connecting Child Maltreatment Risk With Crime and Neighborhood Disadvantage Across Time and Place: A Bayesian Spatiotemporal Analysis
2018
Child maltreatment is a major public health problem. Although maltreatment rates vary over time and are influenced by neighborhood characteristics, the unique effects of crime and disadvantage on risk are not well understood. This study utilized a Bayesian spatiotemporal approach to examine risk factors for substantiated child abuse and neglect over a 9-year period across zip codes in Davidson County, TN. Risk of child sexual and physical abuse decreased from 2008 to 2016. In contrast, risk of child neglect increased from 2011 to 2014, followed by a rapid decrease in risk. Whereas higher percentages of families living in poverty were associated with higher risk of all maltreatment subtypes…
Cross-cultural comparisons of child-reported emotional and physical abuse: rates, risk factors and psychosocial symptoms
2002
Abstract Objectives: This study was designed to assess the incidence of child emotional and physical abuse, associated risk factors and psychosocial symptoms in a cross-cultural comparison between post-communist bloc countries. Method: One-thousand one-hundred forty-five children ages 10–14 from Latvia (N=297), Lithuania (N=300), Macedonia (N=302), and Moldova (N=246) participated in the study. They completed questionnaires assessing their experience of emotional or physical abuse, and provided information about family risk-factors and psychosocial symptoms, including PTSD-related symptoms. Results: Incidence rates of maltreatment differed by country, as did levels of reported psychosocial …
Alpha-Interferon Treatment in HBeAg Positive Children with Chronic Hepatitis B and Associated Hepatitis D
1998
The main problem of children with HBeAg positive hepatitis B and associated hepatitis D is progression to liver cirrhosis with decompensation of liver function and need for liver replacement therapy within 15-20 years after infection. To determine whether interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) therapy has a positive effect on HBV replication and inflammatory activity, we evaluated clinical and serological data of 8 children treated with IFN-alpha and 6 historic control patients without treatment. 4 of the nontreated patients seroconverted from HBeAg to anti-HBe between 7 to 17 years after initial diagnosis and showed decreased inflammatory activity in the liver. In the treatment group, the rate of se…
Mandarin Juice Improves the Antioxidant Status of Hypercholesterolemic Children
2008
Background: Oxidative stress has been linked to such degenerative diseases as atherosclerosis, and it has been suggested that increased dietary intake of antioxidants may reduce its progression. Objective: To determine the effect of mandarin juice consumption on biomarkers related to oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemic children. Materials and Methods: The diet of 48 children with plasma cholesterol >200 mg/dL and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol >130 mg/dL was supplemented for 28 days with 500 mL/day of pure (100%) mandarin juice (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan.). The composition of the mandarin juice was analyzed, and its antioxidant antiradical activity was evaluated in vitro. Mal…
Speech perception outcomes after cochlear implantation in prelingually deaf infants: The Western Sicily experience
2013
Objectives: To describe audiometric characteristics and speech perception performances of prelingually deaf Sicilian children after cochlear implantation; to identify the influence of cochlear implant (CI) user and family's characteristics on speech recognition and intelligibility outcomes. Methods: Twenty-eight infants with a congenital or acquired hearing impairment and implanted before the 3rd year of life were studied; all children suffered from bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) with evidence of lack of hearing aids benefit and no evidence of intellectual disability. The study of the main characteristics associated with CI user and family's profile was performed with a clinica…
Authoritarianism and the transgenerational transmission of corporal punishment.
2019
Abstract Background Authoritarianism, firstly described by Horkheimer in 1936, is characterized by submission to authorities, aggression against subordinates and conventionalism. Authoritarianism is discussed as major contributor for right-wing attitudes. Horkheimer hypothesized that authoritarianism has its origin in the experience of harsh parenting and exposure to corporal punishment (CP) by authoritarian parents. The other way around, literature points towards an association between conventionalism and support of CP as disciplinary method, suggesting a role of authoritarianism in the vicious cycle of transgenerational transmission of CP. Objective We aimed to assess the association of a…