Search results for " play"

Practice and play in the development of German top-level professional football players.

2014

This study examined the developmental sporting activities of 52 German football first Bundesliga professionals (including 18 senior national team members) and 50 fourth to sixth league amateur players. They reported their volumes of organised football practice/training, including its "microstructure" (proportions of physical conditioning, skill exercises and playing forms), non-organised leisure football play and engagement in other sports through their career, respectively. Analyses revealed that the Bundesliga professionals performed moderate amounts of organised football practice/training throughout their career. They accumulated 4264 (mean value) hours over ~16 years before debuting in …

Developmental trends in children's pretend play.

1991

The developmental trends in pretend play were investigated in children 2-6 years of age (18 in each of five age groups) by examining changes in pretend action and speech separately. Play behaviour was assessed by using a selected set of Duplo Lego toys. Interest focused on occurrence of decentration, decontextualization and integration at different age levels. The proportions of decentred and decontextualized acts, action integrations and play themes, increased linearly with age. Changes in substitutive and inventive actions were, however, more minor than expected. Single-scheme combinations did not reveal any essential aspect of the development of children's symbolic competence. In this se…

Designing motion-based activities to engage students with autism in classroom settings

2015

We report on a nine-month-long observational study with teachers and students with autism in a classroom setting. We explore the impact of motion-based activities on students' behavior. In particular, we examine how the playful gaming activity impacted students' engagement, peer-directed social behaviors, and motor skills. We document the effectiveness of a collaborative game in supporting initiation of social activities between peers, and in eliciting novel body movements that students were not observed to produce outside of game play. We further identify the positive impact of game play on overall classroom engagement. This includes an "audience effect" whereby non-playing peers direct in…

Factors affecting peak impact force during soccer headers and implications for the mitigation of head injuries

2020

It has been documented that up to 22% of all soccer injuries are concussions. This is in part due to players purposely using their head to direct the ball during play. To provide a more complete understanding of head trauma in soccer athletes, this study characterized the effects of four soccer ball characteristics (size, inflation pressure, mass, velocity) on the resulting peak impact force as it relates to the potential for incurring neurophysiological changes. A total of six hundred trials were performed on size 4 and 5 soccer balls as well as a novel lightweight soccer ball. Impact force was measured with a force plate and ball velocity was determined using motion capture. These data we…

The role of sport-specific play and practice during childhood in the development of adolescent Finnish team sport athletes

2016

This study sought to understand the role of sport-specific play and practice in the development of adolescent team sport athletes in the Finnish sports development system. Participants were male, 15-year-old soccer (n = 141), ice hockey (n = 204), and basketball (n = 96) players, divided into three groups based on the amount of sport-specific play and practice experienced during childhood. Data were collected with sport-specific inventories of practice history, tactical skills, psychological skills, and sport-specific skill test. Results showed that athletes with more sport-specific play and practice during childhood had more sport-specific play and practice during adolescence, better techn…

Verso una dimensione narrativa delle mappe

2021

Tra il pensiero e la costruzione dell’architettura il disegno ha un ruolo baricentrico per connettere i diversi protagonisti di una realizzazione e per coinvolgere la collettività facendo percepire inedite prospettive. La scrittura si rivela utile per esplicitare ciò che nella grafica è sotteso e per stabilire un ordine nuovo nel ragionamento progettuale. I rapporti fra segni e significati si moltiplicano nei sistemi informativi recenti in cui si ha la sensazione di poter dire moltissimo (dati numerici e spaziali) ma a volte sfugge quella sintesi indispensabile per una interpretazione concreta, finalizzata alla costruzione di possibili esperienze fisiche. Per l’esplorazione dell’uso di dive…

The effect of social information from live demonstrators compared to video playback on blue tit foraging decisions.

2019

Video playback provides a promising method to study social interactions, and the number of video playback experiments has been growing in recent years. Using videos has advantages over live individuals as it increases the repeatability of demonstrations, and enables researchers to manipulate the features of the presented stimulus. How observers respond to video playback might, however, differ among species, and the efficacy of video playback should be validated by investigating if individuals’ responses to videos are comparable to their responses to live demonstrators. Here, we use a novel foraging task to compare blue tits’ (Cyanistes caeruleus) responses to social information from a live …

Z dziejów muzyki kościelnej w Gorzanowie

2015

Students’ Experiences of Studying Music in Small Groups

2015

Abstract The transition to the group instruction in teaching to play music has created a need to understand the significance of the group in connection with studying to play music. What kind of significance do the students in the class teachers’ adult education give to the group in connection with studying to play music? The aim of this study is to describe and to understand the significance given to the small group by teacher students in connection with studying to play to music, learning in small groups and the challenges and possibilities brought on by the group learning to the pedagogics. The material of the study consists of 17 students’ writings. The writings have been created as answ…

Live Action Role Play and the Development of Teacher Competences: Evaluation of “Everyday Life in the Classroom”

2016

Building on Dörner’s (1996) theory of complex problem-solving, a learning scenario for teacher students was created and tested. Classroom management is interpreted as a complex problem, which requires the integration of competing interests and tackling multiple, simultaneous tasks under time pressure and with limited information. In addition, rising emotions are likely to impede thinking and the quality of decision-making. To prepare student teachers to understand and reflect the complex problem-solving challenges inherent in classroom management, we developed the live action role play “Everyday Life in the Classroom” which was embedded in a seminar structure to guide the development of ana…