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Prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with true resistant hypertension in central and Eastern Europe
2013
Objective Scanty information is available on the clinical characteristics of resistant hypertension in Central and East European countries. The Blood Pressure (BP) control rate and CArdiovascular Risk profilE (BP-CARE) study allowed us to assess the prevalence and the main clinical features of resistant hypertension in this population. Design and method The study was carried out in 1312 treated hypertensive patients living in nine Central and East European countries. Results Four hundred and twenty-three patients had apparent resistant hypertension, of whom 168 had pseudo-resistant hypertension (noncompliant/white-coat) and 255 were true treatment-resistant hypertension patients (TRH). Clin…
Protein oxidation in mild essential hypertension
2012
An intensified oxidative stress has been associated with aging and many disease, including essential hypertension (EH) [6, 11, 16]. In EH an increased level of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) may impair the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), by inducing its accelerated transformation in peroxynitrite [4]. Beside this, many other pathophysiological processes in EH may be influenced by RONS, considering their harmful effects on the structural and functional properties of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Some points need to be further investigated, such as the relationship between oxidative stress and the degree of hypertension, and identification of the most useful marker of…
The effect duration of candesartan cilexetil once daily, in comparison with enalapril once daily, in patients with mild to moderate hypertension.
2001
To determine the antihypertensive efficacy, effect duration and safety of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker candesartan cilexetil and the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril once daily in patients with mild to moderate hypertension.A multicenter, randomised, double-blind parallel group study was performed in Finland, France, the Netherlands, Spain and Sweden. Three-hundred-and-ninety-five men and women in the age range 20-80 years with primary hypertension were randomised to an 8-week double-blind treatment period with either candesartan cilexetil 8-16 mg or enalapril 10-20 mg once daily, with forced dose titration after 4 weeks. Non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure…
Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index (AASI) is Unable to Estimate Arterial Stiffness of Hypertensive Subjects: Role of Nocturnal Dipping of Blood Pres…
2018
BACKGROUND: Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index (AASI) has been proposed as an indirect and simpler method to estimate the Arterial Stiffness (AS). AASI, calculated from a set of data collected during a 24-hours ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), is defined as 1 minus the regression slope of diastolic on systolic blood pressure (BP) values. For a given increase in diastolic BP, the increase in systolic BP is smaller in a compliant compared to a stiff artery; the stiffer the arterial tree, the closer AASI is to 1. AASI was demonstrated to predict cardiovascular mortality, cerebrovascular events and to be associated with target organ damage. Taking into account the almost complete a…
Microalbuminuria and oxidative stress in essential hypertension
2004
. Objective. To assess the relationship between microalbuminuria and oxidative stress in mononuclear peripherals cells in essential hypertension. Methods. A total of 123 hypertensive patients in absence of antihypertensive treatment were included. A 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring was performed using a Spacelabs 90207 monitor, and microalbuminuria was measured in 24-h urine collections. Oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio and the content of malondialdehide and damaged base 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine in genomic and mitochondrial DNA were measured in peripheral mononuclear cells. Results. In the 29 (24%) microalbuminuric subjects, the amount of reduced glutathione was significan…
Acute hormonal responses to submaximal and maximal heavy resistance and explosive exercises in men and women.
2005
The purpose of this study was to examine acute hormonal and neuromuscular responses in men and women to 3 heavy resistance but clearly different exercise protocols: (a) submaximal heavy resistance exercise (SME), (b) maximal heavy resistance exercise (HRE), and (c) maximal explosive resistance exercise (EE). HRE included 5 sets of 10 repetition maximum (10RM) situps, bench press, and bilateral leg extensions (David 210 machine) with a 2-minute recovery between the sets. In SME, the load was 70%, and in EE, the load was 40% from that used in HRE. A significant increase (p , 0.05) in serum growth hormone (GH) was observed after HRE both in men and women, but the increase was greater (p < 0.05…
Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy and microalbuminuria changes during antihypertensive treatment.
2013
The objective of the present study was to assess the regression of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) during antihypertensive treatment, and its relationship with the changes in microalbuminuria.One hundred and sixty-eight previously untreated patients with echocardiographic LVH, 46 (27%) with microalbuminuria, were followed during a median period of 13 months (range 6-23 months) and treated with lifestyle changes and antihypertensive drugs. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, echocardiography and urinary albumin excretion were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the study period.Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was reduced from 137 [interquartile interval (IQI)…
Sexual dysfunction in hypertensive patients treated with losartan.
2001
ABSTRACT Background Impaired erectile function in men is a component of the dysmetabolic syndrome of high blood pressure as well as a sequela of antihypertensive therapy. This prospective interventional study in men with uncontrolled hypertension (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm Hg) used a survey instrument to assay sexual dysfunction before and after therapy with losartan. Methods We evaluated the influence of a 12-week therapy with losartan in 82 hypertensive subjects with (n = 82) and without (n = 82) a diagnosis of erectile dysfunction using a self-administered questionnaire validated in another 60 subjects with hypertension. Results: From an initial sample of 323 hypertensive men and women,…
Polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system influence height in normotensive women in a Spanish population.
2004
The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of the polymorphisms G-6A of the angiotensinogen gene, insertion/deletion (I/D) of the angiotensin-converting enzyme, and C573T of the angiotensin II AT1 receptor gene on a healthy, middle-age population. A total of 370 (194 women) healthy normotensive Caucasian subjects, aged 25-50 yr old, were selected from the general population. A significant association was found between height and the C573T polymorphism in women (P0.001). After adjustment for age, this association remained significant (P0.002). Thus, the lowest height values were from subjects carrying TT genotype (CC, 1.627 +/- 0.008 m; CT, 1.595 +/- 0.006 m; TT, 1.586 +/- 0.01…
Nitric oxide metabolites and oxidative stress in mild essential hypertension
2010
Many papers have showed non univocal data about oxidative stress status and nitric oxide metabolites in essential hypertension. Considering this preamble we examined the total antioxidant status (TAS), the lipid peroxidation (LP), expressed as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), the stable end products of nitric oxide (NOx) and LP/NOx ratio in 25 subjects with untreated mild essential hypertension. The obtained data show a significant increase in TBARS (p < 0.001) and NOx (p < 0.001) in hypertensives and no variation in TAS and in TBARS/NOx ratio. None of these parameters was statistically related to the metabolic parameters or to the blood pressure values. The high level of li…