Search results for " quantitative method"
showing 10 items of 111 documents
Normalizing biproportional methods
2002
International audience; Biproportional methods are used to update matrices: the projection of a matrix Z to give it the column and row sums of another matrix is R Z S, where R and S are diagonal and secure the constraints of the problem (R and S have no signification at all because they are not identified). However, normalizing R or S generates important mathematical difficulties: it amounts to put constraints on Lagrange multipliers, non negativity (and so the existence of the solution) is not guaranteed at equilibrium or along the path to equilibrium.
Managerial Behavior in the Lab: Information Disclosure, Decision Process and Leadership Style
2019
This paper reports the results from a lab experiment in which subjects playing the manager role can implement either an efficient / inegalitarian allocation or an inefficient / egalitarian allocation of payoffs. The experiment simulates a stylized managerial context by allowing the manager to manipulate information and select the decision process and by allowing the stakeholders to retaliate against the manager given different choices in the decision process. We found that the inefficient allocation is often selected and that this choice depends on whether the employees can retaliate against the manager and on whether the manager can hide information about the payoffs. The social preference…
Job Satisfaction among Primary School Personnel
2016
International audience; This article analyzes the job satisfaction of primary school teachers inMadagascar. Based on the estimation of multilevel models, low wages and problems getting paid, job insecurity, lack of in-service training, high pupil-teacher ratios, and lack of basic infrastructure and teaching materials are identified as the main reasons for dissatisfaction. Principals' control of teachers' activities also adversely affects satisfaction, suggesting that, in Malagasy schools, neither school directors nor teachers have succeeded in adopting organizational cultures based on cooperation among their members. These results are likely to stimulate debates on educational policy, both …
Is there a Market Value for Energy Performance in a Local Private Housing Market ? An efficiency analysis approach
2018
This paper aims to find evidence of a “green value” in a local housing market using notarial data on a small urban area in France. We use frontier functions, an original approach that departs from customary hedonistic regressions, to model housing market prices as a production set bordered by an efficiency frontier estimated by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The paper tests if difference in prices (i.e. the distance from the frontier) can be explained by energy performance measured as a normalized categorical ascending kWh/m²/year grade (or Energy Performance Certificate -EPC). We show that there is significative evidence for energy performance's market value. The “Green Property Value” i…
Nature et impacts des effets spatiaux sur les valeurs immobilières : le cas de l'espace urbanisé francilien
2013
International audience
NEIGHBORHOOD EFFECTS IN SPATIAL HOUSING VALUE MODELS. THE CASE OF THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF PARIS (1999)
2009
In hedonic housing models, the spatial dimension of housing values are traditionally processed by the impact of neighborhood variables and accessibility variables. In this paper we show that spatial effects might remain once neighborhood effects and accessibility have been controlled for. We notably stress on three sides of neighborhood effects: social capital, social status and social externalities and consider the accessibility to the primary economic center as describing the urban spatial trend. Using spatial econometrics specifications of the hedonic equation, we estimate whether spatial effects impact the housing values. Our empirical case concerns the Metropolitan Area (MA) of Paris i…
Spatial effects of urban public policies on housing values
2009
International audience; Problems of spatial segregation have often stressed on the social status and social capital of a neighbourhood as main driving forces behind housing price formation. In this paper, it is assumed that spatial effects are additional variables worth considering since the impact of urban policies such as social housing policies and urban regeneration policies may permeate outside the areas where they are implemented. Our case study is of the urban area of Dijon (France), where these two types of urban policies have been implemented in the last three decades. Spatial effects are introduced in the hedonic model and a spatial error model is estimated, revealing a positive a…
Selectivity in Probabilistic Causality: Where Psychology Runs Into Quantum Physics
2011
Given a set of several inputs into a system (e.g., independent variables characterizing stimuli) and a set of several stochastically non-independent outputs (e.g., random variables describing different aspects of responses), how can one determine, for each of the outputs, which of the inputs it is influenced by? The problem has applications ranging from modeling pairwise comparisons to reconstructing mental processing architectures to conjoint testing. A necessary and sufficient condition for a given pattern of selective influences is provided by the Joint Distribution Criterion, according to which the problem of "what influences what" is equivalent to that of the existence of a joint distr…
An ancestral recombination graph for diploid populations with skewed offspring distribution
2013
A large offspring number diploid biparental multilocus population model of Moran type is our object of study. At each timestep, a pair of diploid individuals drawn uniformly at random contribute offspring to the population. The number of offspring can be large relative to the total population size. Similar `heavily skewed' reproduction mechanisms have been considered by various authors recently. Each diploid parental individual contributes exactly one chromosome to each diploid offspring, and hence ancestral lineages can only coalesce when in distinct individuals. A separation of timescales phenomenon is thus observed. A result of M\"{o}hle (1998) is extended to obtain convergence of the an…
Cardiac kinematic parameters computed from video of in situ beating heart
2017
AbstractMechanical function of the heart during open-chest cardiac surgery is exclusively monitored by echocardiographic techniques. However, little is known about local kinematics, particularly for the reperfused regions after ischemic events. We report a novel imaging modality, which extracts local and global kinematic parameters from videos of in situ beating hearts, displaying live video cardiograms of the contraction events. A custom algorithm tracked the movement of a video marker positioned ad hoc onto a selected area and analyzed, during the entire recording, the contraction trajectory, displacement, velocity, acceleration, kinetic energy and force. Moreover, global epicardial veloc…