Search results for " release"
showing 10 items of 535 documents
Being moved by listening to unfamiliar sad music induces reward‐related hormonal changes in empathic listeners
2021
Many people enjoy sad music, and the appeal for tragedy is widespread among the consumers of film and literature. The underlying mechanisms of such aesthetic experiences are not well understood. We tested whether pleasure induced by sad, unfamiliar instrumental music is explained with a homeostatic or a reward theory, each of which is associated with opposite patterns of changes in the key hormones. Sixty-two women listened to sad music (or nothing) while serum was collected for subsequent measurement of prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin (OT) and stress marker (cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone) concentrations. Two groups of participants were recruited on the basis of low and high trait e…
Risk of neuroblastoma and residential proximity to industrial and urban sites: A case-control study
2016
Background: Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children but its etiology is not clearly understood. While a small fraction of cases might be attributable to genetic factors, the role of environmental pollution factors needs to be assessed. Objectives: To ascertain the effect of residential proximity to both industrial and urban areas on neuroblastoma risk, taking into account industrial groups and toxic substances released. Methods: We conducted a population-based case-control study of neuroblastoma in Spain, including 398 incident cases gathered from the Spanish Registry of Childhood Tumors (period 1996–2011), and 2388 controls individually matched by year of birt…
Neurosteroid modulation of the presynaptic NMDA receptors regulating hippocampal noradrenaline release in normal rats and those exposed prenatally to…
2003
Abstract Prenatal exposure to diazepam (DZ), a positive allosteric modulator of the γ-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor complex, exerts profound effects that become more evident during puberty and in many cases are sex-specific, suggesting that such exposure interferes with the activity of steroid hormones. Apart from their well known effects on the genome, the reduced metabolites of many steroid hormones also interact directly with membrane receptors, including those for N-methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA). In this study, we compared the effects of several neurosteroids on NMDA receptors from normal rats and those exposed in utero to DZ (1.25 mg/kg per day) from the 14th through the 20th day o…
Blood metal levels after minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum
2021
Abstract OBJECTIVES Minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE) is the most popular surgical approach for paediatric patients with pectus excavatum. A substernal stainless still bar is inserted and left in place for 3 years and then removed. Our goal was to investigate blood metal levels after MIRPE and to correlate them with surgical details, such as the numbers of bars and stabilizers and the length of time the bar was in place. METHODS Blood levels of iron, chromium, manganese, molybdenum and nickel were analysed in 130 teenagers (108 boys and 22 girls) who had MIRPE using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A total of 62 patients were operated on using MIRPE (study…
Muscarinic Control of Histamine Release from Airways
2000
Isolated human bronchi and rat tracheae were incubated in organ baths to measure histamine release. The calcium ionophore A23187, 3 micromol/L in rat trachea and 10 micromol/L in human bronchi, stimulated histamine release by 145 +/- 50% (n = 6) and 270 +/- 48% (n = 7) above the prestimulation level, respectively. Acetylcholine (100 pmol/L; human bronchi) or oxotremorine (1, 100, 10,000 nmol/L; rat trachea) did not affect the spontaneous histamine release. In rat tracheae neither acetylcholine nor oxotremorine inhibited A23187-evoked histamine release, whereas 100 pmol/L acetylcholine significantly suppressed the evoked histamine release in human bronchi by 86%. For receptor characterizatio…
Activation of P2Y receptors by ATP and by its analogue, ADPbetaS, triggers two calcium signal pathways in the longitudinal muscle of mouse distal col…
2008
Our previous research showed that ATP and adenosine 5'-O-2-thiodiphosphate (ADPbetaS) induce contractile effects in the longitudinal muscle of mouse distal colon via activation of P2Y receptors which are not P2Y(1) or P2Y(12) subtypes. This study investigated the nature of the P2Y receptor subtype(s) and the mechanisms leading to the intracellular calcium concentration increase necessary to trigger muscular contraction. Motor responses of mouse colonic longitudinal muscle to P2Y receptor agonists were examined in vitro as changes in isometric tension. ATP or ADPbetaS induced muscular contraction, which was not affected by P2Y(11) or P2Y(13) selective antagonists. Calcium-free solution or th…
Understanding aroma release from model cheeses by a statistical multiblock approach on oral processing
2013
For human beings, the mouth is the first organ to perceive food and the different signalling events associated to food breakdown. These events are very complex and as such, their description necessitates combining different data sets. This study proposed an integrated approach to understand the relative contribution of main food oral processing events involved in aroma release during cheese consumption. In vivo aroma release was monitored on forty eight subjects who were asked to eat four different model cheeses varying in fat content and firmness and flavoured with ethyl propanoate and nonan-2-one. A multiblock partial least square regression was performed to explain aroma release from the…
Physiological and oral parameters contribute prediction of retronasal aroma release in an elderly cohort.
2021
International audience; Malnutrition is a serious problem in the elderly while understanding flavour perception could be a tool for controlling appetite or food choices. To increase our knowledge, we characterised the health and oral physiology (oral volume, swallowing tongue force, number of teeth and salivary flow rate, protein content and antioxidant capacity) of a cohort of 54 community-dwelling French elderly as well as their individual retronasal release of five aroma compounds (2-pentanone, 2-nonanone, 2,3-hexanedione, octanal and linalool) by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). In general, large variability across participants was observed in both oral physiological…
Histamine and serotonin released from the rat perfused heart by compound 48/80 or by allergen challenge influence noradrenaline or acetylcholine exoc…
1994
Terminal nerve fibres of the autonomic nervous system closely approach mast cells in peripheral organs, and mutual influences between release of neurotransmitters or mast cell mediators may cause neuro-immunological interactions. We have studied the influence of mast cell degranulation on the release of endogenous noradrenaline and newly incorporated acetylcholine (such as 14C-choline/acetylcholine overflow) evoked by stimulation of extrinsic postganglionic sympathetic or preganglionic vagal nerves in the rat Langendorff heart perfused with Tyrode solution. Compound 48/80 perfused in normal hearts, or ovalbumin infused into hearts from rats sensitized to ovalbumin, enhanced the overflow of …
Presynaptic effects of anandamide and WIN55,212-2 on glutamatergic nerve endings isolated from rat hippocampus
2006
We examined the effects of the endocannabinoide-anandamide (AEA), the synthetic cannabinoid, WIN55,212-2, and the active phorbol ester, 4-beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (4-beta-PMA), on the release of [(3)H]d-Aspartate ([(3)H]d-ASP) from rat hippocampal synaptosomes. Release was evoked with three different stimuli: (1) KCl-induced membrane depolarization, which activates voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels and causes limited neurotransmitter exocytosis, presumably from ready-releasable vesicles docked in the active zone; (2) exposure to the Ca(2+) ionophore-A23187, which causes more extensive transmitter release, presumably from intracellular reserve vesicles; and (3) K(+) channel block…