Search results for " rule"

Predicting and Measuring Decision Rules for Social Recognition in a Neotropical Frog.

2022

AbstractMany animals use signals, such as vocalizations, to recognize familiar individuals. However, animals risk making recognition mistakes because the signal properties of different individuals often overlap due to within-individual variation in signal production. To understand the relationship between signal variation and decision rules for social recognition, we studied male golden rocket frogs, which recognize the calls of territory neighbors and respond less aggressively to a neighbor’s calls than to the calls of strangers. We quantified patterns of individual variation in acoustic properties of calls and predicted optimal discrimination thresholds using a signal detection theory mod…

Predicting in-hospital mortality from Coronavirus Disease 2019: A simple validated app for clinical use

2021

Backgrounds Validated tools for predicting individual in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 are lacking. We aimed to develop and to validate a simple clinical prediction rule for early identification of in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19. Methods and findings We enrolled 2191 consecutive hospitalized patients with COVID-19 from three Italian dedicated units (derivation cohort: 1810 consecutive patients from Bergamo and Pavia units; validation cohort: 381 consecutive patients from Rome unit). The outcome was in-hospital mortality. Fine and Gray competing risks multivariate model (with discharge as a competing event) was used to develop a prediction rule for in-hospital mortality. D…

Drug Prescription and Delirium in Older Inpatients: Results From the Nationwide Multicenter Italian Delirium Day 2015-2016

2019

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association between polypharmacy and delirium, the association of specific drug categories with delirium, and the differences in drug-delirium association between medical and surgical units and according to dementia diagnosis. Methods Data were collected during 2 waves of Delirium Day, a multicenter delirium prevalence study including patients (aged 65 years or older) admitted to acute and long-term care wards in Italy (2015-2016); in this study, only patients enrolled in acute hospital wards were selected (n = 4,133). Delirium was assessed according to score on the 4 "A's" Test. Prescriptions were classified by main drug categories; polypharmacy w…

Validation of a Dutch diagnostic rule for gout without joint fluid analysis in patients hospitalized for acute monoarthritis

2020

A possible tool for the choice of building materials: the environmental product declaration (EPD)

2019

The paper, contribution to the international debate on the environmental matter, deals with a tool that can guide professionals and the users in choosing low environmental impact building materials with similar functional requirements, the Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) or Type III Environmental Label, by highlighting strengths and limitations. The paper, besides describing the characteristics and contents of the EPDs and Product Category Rules (PCR), lists the main European EPD Programmes, analyzing two EPDs models in order to verify the comparability of the listed LCA data.

Recently published line strengths for the transition array 3s–3p in C I, N II and O III: a critical review

2014

Recently calculated atomic structure data for C I, N II and O III are reviewed and analyzed by performing J-file sum rule tests. The line strengths of the 3s–3p transition array are analyzed. In the case of neutral carbon and ionized nitrogen data, the LS-forbidden transitions are included in the analysis.

Inventory Control Under Parametric Uncertainty of Underlying Models

2013

A large number of problems in inventory control, production planning and scheduling, location, transportation, finance, and engineering design require that decisions be made in the presence of uncertainty of underlying models. In the present paper we consider the case, where it is known that the underlying distribution belongs to a parametric family of distributions. The problem of determining an optimal decision rule in the absence of complete information about the underlying distribution, i.e., when we specify only the functional form of the distribution and leave some or all of its parameters unspecified, is seen to be a standard problem of statistical estimation. Unfortunately, the clas…

A New Technique of Invariant Statistical Embedding and Averaging in Terms of Pivots for Improvement of Statistical Decisions Under Parametric Uncerta…

2021

In this chapter, a new technique of invariant embedding of sample statistics in a decision criterion (performance index) and averaging this criterion via pivotal quantities (pivots) is proposed for intelligent constructing efficient (optimal, uniformly non-dominated, unbiased, improved) statistical decisions under parametric uncertainty. This technique represents a simple and computationally attractive statistical method based on the constructive use of the invariance principle in mathematical statistics. Unlike the Bayesian approach, the technique of invariant statistical embedding and averaging in terms of pivotal quantities (ISE&APQ) is independent of the choice of priors and represents …

Scatter Search and Path Relinking

2011

Scatter search (SS) and path relinking (PR) are evolutionary methods that have been successfully applied to a wide range of hard optimization problems. The fundamental concepts and principles of the methods were first proposed in the 1970s and 1980s, and were based on formulations, dating back to the 1960s, for combining decision rules and problem constraints. The methods use strategies for search diversification and intensification that have proved effective in a variety of optimization problems and that have sometimes been embedded in other evolutionary methods to yield improved performance. This paper examines the scatter search and path relinking methodologies from both conceptual and p…

Optimal selection of the four best of a sequence

1993

We consider the situation in which the decision-maker is allowed to have four choices with purpose to choose exactly the four absolute best candidates fromN applicants. The optimal stopping rule and the maximum probability of making the right choice are given for largeN∈N, the maximum asymptotic value of the best choice being limN→∞P(win)≈0.12706.