Search results for " social medicine"
showing 10 items of 118 documents
A diversity of patterns: 10-year trajectories of men and women diagnosed with psychosis for the first time. A time-geographic approach
2020
People with severe mental illness face a different interventional landscape compared to some decades ago, when mental hospitals were dominant, in Sweden as well as in the rest of the Western world. The aim of the research reported in this article was to follow men and women diagnosed with psychosis for the first time over a 10-year period, and to explore what interventions they experienced. The interventions, here defined as "spheres", were either community-based or institutional. A third sphere represents no interventions. Based on data from registers and using a time-geographic approach, the individuals were visualised as 10-year trajectories where their transitions between the different …
Global, regional, and national burden of diseases and injuries for adults 70 years and older:systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 201…
2022
AbstractObjectivesTo use data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) to estimate mortality and disability trends for the population aged ≥70 and evaluate patterns in causes of death, disability, and risk factors.DesignSystematic analysis.SettingParticipants were aged ≥70 from 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019.Main outcomes measuresYears of life lost, years lived with disability, disability adjusted life years, life expectancy at age 70 (LE-70), healthy life expectancy at age 70 (HALE-70), proportion of years in ill health at age 70 (PYIH-70), risk factors, and data coverage index were estimated based on standardised GBD methods.ResultsGlo…
The burden of injury in Central, Eastern, and Western European sub-region: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study
2022
Abstract Background Injury remains a major concern to public health in the European region. Previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study showed wide variation in injury death and disability adjusted life year (DALY) rates across Europe, indicating injury inequality gaps between sub-regions and countries. The objectives of this study were to: 1) compare GBD 2019 estimates on injury mortality and DALYs across European sub-regions and countries by cause-of-injury category and sex; 2) examine changes in injury DALY rates over a 20 year-period by cause-of-injury category, sub-region and country; and 3) assess inequalities in injury mortality and DALY rates across the countries…
Peer Support for People Living With HIV: A Scoping Review
2021
Peer support for people living with HIV has gained increasing traction and is considered a way to take an active role in self-management. The existing research examining peer support interventions has reported promising evidence of the benefits of peer support. The purpose of our scoping review was to describe research on peer support for people living with HIV. We included 53 studies and sorted them into analytic categories and conducted descriptive analyses. The studies that were published between November/December 2000 and May 2021, had a range of study designs and heterogeneous priority groups, and included 20,657 participants from 16 countries. We identified 43 evaluations of the effe…
A Universal Health Care System? Unmet Need for Medical Care Among Regular and Irregular Immigrants in Italy
2017
Italy has a universal health care system that covers, in principle, the whole resident population, irrespective of citizenship and legal status. This study calculates the prevalence of unmet need for medical care among Italian citizens, regular and irregular immigrants and estimates logistic regression models to assess whether differences by citizenship and legal status hold true once adjusting for potential confounders. The analysis is based on two Surveys on Income and Living Conditions of Italian households and households with foreigners. Controlling for various factors, the odds of experiencing unmet need for medical care are 27% higher for regular immigrants than for Italian citizens a…
The Nordic Paradox. Professionals’ Discussions about Gender Equality and Intimate Partner Violence against Women in Sweden
2021
Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is a global public health issue often assumed to be associated with gender inequality. The so-called Nordic Paradox, the apparently contradictory co-existence of high levels of IPVAW and of gender equality in Nordic countries, has not been adequately explained. This study explores discussions about how this apparent paradox can be understood among 30 IPVAW professionals working in southern Sweden, through a thematic analysis of focus groups and individual and paired interviews. The analysis highlights complexities of gender (in)equality and its links with IPVAW in Sweden, of relevance for the addressing and prevention of IPVAW.
Mapping child growth failure across low- and middle-income countries
2020
Childhood malnutrition is associated with high morbidity and mortality globally1. Undernourished children are more likely to experience cognitive, physical, and metabolic developmental impairments that can lead to later cardiovascular disease, reduced intellectual ability and school attainment, and reduced economic productivity in adulthood2. Child growth failure (CGF), expressed as stunting, wasting, and underweight in children under five years of age (0–59 months), is a specific subset of undernutrition characterized by insufficient height or weight against age-specific growth reference standards3–5. The prevalence of stunting, wasting, or underweight in children under five is the proport…
Livet som toppidrettsutøvere : langrennsløperes tanker og refleksjoner
2011
Masteroppgave i idrettsvitenskap -Universitetet i Agder 2011 De aller fleste i dagens samfunn, sportsinteresserte eller ikke, har en eller annen mening om toppidretten. Fra de som glorifiserer, nærmest tilber toppidrettsutøverne og mener det er nasjonens helter, til de som mener toppidretter fordummer samfunnet. Argumenter som at det opptar viktig radio/tv tid, er helseskadelig, sprer usunne holdninger, verdier, osv. er noen av de viktigste kjepphestene mot toppidretten. I denne oppgaven har jeg valgt å se toppidretten i lys av rasjonaliseringsteori, og forklare dens utvikling ut fra denne. Hensikten med denne oppgaven er å se hvordan fire toppidrettsutøvere tenker og reflekterer over livet…
Usage and acceptance of Moringa stenopetala in the diet in Ethiopia
2012
Masteroppgave folkehelsevitenskap- Universitetet i Agder, 2014 Moringa stenopetala er en plante rik på antioksidanter, som muligens kan ha en forebyggende effekt på utviklingen av leverfibrose. Mål: Å finne ut hvordan Moringa stenopetala brukes i kostholdet i et område i Sør-Etiopia, hvor prevalensen av leverfibrose er funnet lav og undersøke mulighetene denne planten kan ha for å bli akseptert og inkludert i kostholdet i et annet område nord i Etiopia hvor leverfibrose er funnet høy. Design/Metode/Utvalg: I Sør-Etiopia ble et utvalg av 21 tilfeldige kvinner fra Sille landsby som lager mat til sine respektive husholdninger bedt om å beskrive hvordan de tilberedte matretter som inneholder mo…
Effekten av en tilpasset og kostnadseffektiv telefon- og (e)post-basert fysisk aktivitetsintervensjon på blodtrykk blant fysisk inaktive voksne i ald…
2012
Masteroppgave i folkehelsevitenskap- Universitetet i Agder, 2012 The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a tailored and costeffective telephone and (e)mail based physical activity intervention on blood pressure in a group of inactive adults aged 40-55 years. Furthermore it was of some interest to investigate the effect of aerob capasity and body composition on blood pressure. This master thesis consists of one article and a written assignment. The assignment is an elaboration of the theory and methods in which the article is based upon. The written assignment starts off with an introduction presenting the theme, definitions, the aim of the study and the study apporach.…