Search results for " social science"

Anthropologie physiologique

2007

Les recherches de terrain en primatologie, particulièrement nombreuses et détaillées au cours des dernières décennies, nous ont montré de nombreux exemples d'adaptations physiologiques qui résultent de la co-évolution en fonction des caractéristiques des environnements propres à chaque espèce. Dans quelle mesure ces recherches en primatologie permettent-elles une meilleure compréhension des adaptations et des comportements de l'homme, en particulier de son comportement alimentaire ?

The Bonobo-DialiumPositive Interactions: Seed Dispersal Mutualism

2013

A positive interaction is any interaction between individuals of the same or different species (mutualism) that provides a benefit to both partners such as increased fitness. Here we focus on seed dispersal mutualism between an animal (bonobo, Pan paniscus) and a plant (velvet tamarind trees, Dialium spp.). In the LuiKotale rainforest southwest of Salonga National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo, seven species of the genus Dialium account for 29.3% of all trees. Dialium is thus the dominant genus in this forest. Dialium fruits make up a large proportion of the diet of a habituated bonobo community in this forest. During the 6 months of the fruiting season, more than half of the bonobos' …

Acceptance and knowledge of evolutionary theory among third-year university students in Spain

2020

The theory of evolution is one of the greatest scientific achievements in the intellectual history of humankind, yet it is still contentious within certain social groups. Despite being as robust and evidence-based as any other notable scientific theory, some people show a strong reluctance to accept it. In this study, we used the Measure of Acceptance of the Theory of Evolution (MATE) and Knowledge of Evolution Exam (KEE) questionnaires with university students from four academic degree programs (Chemistry, English, History, and Biology) of ten universities from Spain to measure, respectively, acceptance and knowledge of evolutionary theory among third-year undergraduate students (nMATE = 9…

Adaptive strategies of territory formation

2003

How do territorial animals gain ownership of an area? Early modelling has considered the evolution of fighting when the winner can claim the right to the resource. Recently, alternative hypotheses have been offered where repeated interactions lead to division of space through 'nagging' instead of one decisive fight. However, these models assume that animals avoid areas in which they have taken part in aggressive interactions, but do not consider whether avoidance itself is adaptive. We aim to bridge this gap between mechanistic and adaptive explanations, by presenting a game-theory model where individuals choose whether to return to an area after a fight with a specific outcome (win, loss, …

El modelo cooperativo de sistemas agroalimentarios de innovación: el caso ANECOOP y el sistema citrícola valenciano

2015

English title: The cooperative model of agri-food innovation systems: ANECOOP and the Valencian citrus industry; International audience; Globalisation brings pressure on regional production systems to become regional production and innovation systems in order to maintain their competitiveness. However, the heterogeneity of the companies in these systems makes it difficult to respond to these challenges and obliges the response to be collective and mesoeconomic. To date, there has been a defence of the leadership of some private companies and other intermediaries such as business associations as vehicles of this process, but the part that cooperatives play in it has barely been studied. This…

Différenciation morphologique et génétique des populations de douroucoulis (Aotus infulatus, Primates, Platyrhiniens, Cebidae) provenant des rives dr…

2007

11 pages; La morphologie crânienne de 28 spécimens de douroucoulis (genre Aotus), provenant du Bassin amazonien, a été étudiée à l'aide de méthodes de morphométrie géométrique en trois dimensions. De nouveaux résultats concernant la distinction morphologique de populations de l'espèce Aotus infulatus, réparties de part et d'autre du rio Tocantins, sont proposés. Ces résultats morphologiques concordent avec la distinction génétique de ces populations publiée par Schneider – et Sampaio –, et indiquent probablement de récents et rapides changements évolutifs au sein de cette espèce. Les résultats de cette étude ont une application taxinomique, mais pourraient également ouvrir de nouvelles pers…

Chemosensory enrichment as a simple and effective way to improve the welfare of captive lizards

2018

The Bias of combining variables on fish's aggressive behavior studies.

2019

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:27:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-07-01 Quantifying animal aggressive behavior by behavioral units, either displays or attacks, is a common practice in animal behavior studies. However, this practice can generate a bias in data analysis, especially when the variables have different temporal patterns. This study aims to use Bayesian Hierarchical Linear Models (B-HLMs) to analyze the feasibility of pooling the aggressive behavior variables of four cichlids species. Additionally, this paper discusses the feasibility of combining variables by examining the usage of different sample sizes and family distributions to aggressive …

Nest defence against avian brood parasites is promoted by egg-removal events in a cowbird–host system

2011

Recent studies of birds have found that the antiparasite behaviour of host species is modified by social learning. We tested whether individual or social learning modifies the nest defence of yellow warblers, Setophaga petechia, against the parasitic brown-headed cowbird, Molothrus ater. Using field experiments, we exposed warblers to simulated events of nest parasitism and predation, or allowed them to observe conspecifics mobbing a cowbird. Intensity of nest defence by yellow warblers was greater after simulated threats at their nest than after they had observed mobbing of cowbirds by conspecifics. Warblers defended their nests more aggressively when they perceived a cowbird as an egg pre…

2021

Hosts of brood parasitic cuckoos often employ mobbing attacks to defend their nests and, when mobbing is costly, hosts are predicted to adjust their mobbing to match parasitism risk. While evidence exists for fine-tuned plasticity, it remains unclear why mobbing does not track larger seasonal changes in parasitism risk. Here we test a possible explanation from parental investment theory: parents should defend their current brood more intensively as the opportunity to replace it declines (re-nesting potential), and therefore “counteract” any apparent seasonal decline to match parasitism risk. We take advantage of mobbing experiments conducted at two sites where reed warblers (Acrocephalus sc…