Search results for " social"
showing 10 items of 44717 documents
The paramount power of selection: From Darwin to Kauffman
1995
For approximately two decades now, the Darwinian interpretation of evolution has now been challenged in many ways. Modern criticisms make it difficult, even for the staunchest Darwinians, not to take a distance from Darwin’s bold phrases on the “power” of natural selection. Let me remind you of some famous declarations of Darwin on the subject: “It may be said that natural selection is daily and hourly scrutinising, throughout the world, every variation, even the slightest; rejecting that which is bad, preserving and adding up all that is good; silently and insensibly working, whenever and wherever opportunity offers, at the improvement of each organic being in relation to its organic and i…
Du Néolithique récent à l’âge du Bronze dans le Centre Nord de la France : les étapes de l’évolution chrono-culturelle
2011
Die seit 2001 im Rahmen eines PCR (Programme Collectif Régional) durchgeführte Gemeinschaftsarbeit über das Ende des Neolithikums und den Beginns der Bronzezeit im Zentrum Nordfrankreichs führt heute zu einer neuen Periodisierung der Zeit zwischen 3600 und 1800 v. Chr. in acht Etappen. Obwohl, insbesondere bezüglich der Transition zwischen dem Mittel-und dem Jungneolithikum einerseits und dem Jung-und dem Endneolithikum andererseits, auch weiterhin einige Lücken bestehen, erlaubt dieser präzisere Rahmen die Hauptetappen im Zentrum Nordfrankreichs mit denen der benachbarten Regionen zu synchronisieren, um eine dynamischere Vision der kulturellen Phänomene vorzuschlagen.
La co-subjectivité soignant–famille–psychologue : soutenir la vie psychique du patient en réanimation. À propos de l’article de B. Golse et S. Misson…
2020
Resume Objectifs et champ de connaissances explore En reanimation, la question du lien se pose avec acuite lorsque le patient n’est plus conscient, est sedate, intube, qu’il semble absent psychiquement a la relation. Peut-on alors parler d’intersubjectivite supposant une forme d’interaction dynamique avec le patient ? Methode L’enjeu est ici de montrer a partir du texte de B. Golse et S. Missonnier que les dimensions intrapsychiques se trouvent du cote du soignant et de la famille et qu’il est possible en passant par l’intersubjectivite du soignant et de la famille de reinscrire le patient dans sa fonction de sujet. Ce texte a pour objectif de questionner la nature des espaces therapeutique…
New palaeoecological approaches to interpret climatic fluctuations in Holocene sites of the Pampean region of Argentina
2021
The apparently regular and favourable climate that characterizes the Holocene as an interglacial period shows, however, important climatic instability well documented in the Northern Hemisphere. These fluctuations from colder to warmer or wetter to drier affected both biodiversity and human societies in the last 12,000 years, although the impact in Southern America is still poorly known. We are here investigating the biodiversity of small mammal faunas, more sensitive to climatic changes than large mammals, combining taphonomic and palaeoecological data in the Argentine Pampas to better understand the global nature and effect of these Holocene climatic fluctuations. This paper is pioneering…
Quantifying the evolution of animal dairy intake in humans using calcium isotopes
2021
International audience; The contribution of dairy products to modern human diets has a debated role in the expansion of Neolithic economies and the dynamics of demographic transitions. While current methods allow discussing dairy production and processing, no approach allows reconstructing quantitatively its effective consumption. Calcium isotopes (δ44/42Ca) potentially represent such a marker due to the abundance of isotopically fractionated Ca in dairy products. Here, we test Ca isotope sensitivity to dietary intake of dairy product: we first used a dietary model based on a compilation of available data of dietary Ca sources; we then compared the modelled outputs to available and newly ac…
Land use change, soil erosion and alluvial dynamic in the lower Doubs Valley over the 1st millenium AD (Neublans, Jura, France)
2003
International audience; Geochemical and particle size analyses, surface scanning magnetic susceptibility, microscopic charcoal counting and pollen analysis, have been carried out on two cores from the lower Doubs valley in order to reconstruct the land use history. The interpretation of anthropogenic pollen indicators and micro-charcoal deposits is discussed in relation to the lithological variation of sedimentary accumulation and evolution of the settlement. The environmental changes which occurred during the 1st and the 6th century AD reflect the impact of human activities on the landscape in the immediate surroundings of the site. Multiproxy indicators indicate that soil erosion as a con…
Earliest salt working in the world: From excavation to microscopy at the prehistoric sites of Ţolici and Lunca (Romania)
2018
Abstract Since the Early Neolithic, salt has played an important role in the social and economic development of populations. Consequently, the study and comprehension of salt management strategies have become a significant component of current archaeological research. This study is part of an interdisciplinary research program consisting of excavations and detailed analyses on two Early Neolithic salt working sites situated in the sub-Carpathian region of Romania, Lunca and Ţolici (county Neamţ). These remarkably well-preserved sites are characterised by stratified deposits several meters thick. Detailed stratigraphic descriptions were followed by optical microscopy analysis (soil micromorp…
A multi-isotope analysis of Neolithic human groups in the Yonne valley, Northern France: insights into dietary patterns and social structure
2019
With the arrival of the Neolithic to Europe, new ways of life and new subsistence strategies emerged. In the Paris Basin (northern France), the appearance of some monumental funerary structures during the Middle Neolithic highlights in particular the increasing complexity of the social organisation. At the same time, several sites, such as open-air cemeteries, do not display any evidence of such arrangement. In the southeast of this area, the two primary routes of neolithisation meet. Several funerary parameters attest to the diverse influence received from other surrounding cultures. In order to assess potential differences in diet, and therefore on purported social distinctions at the int…
Evidence for “Celtic migrations”? Strontium isotope analysis at the early La Tène (LT B) cemeteries of Nebringen (Germany) and Monte Bibele (Italy)
2013
Abstract Strontium isotope analysis on human remains from the Iron Age (4th/3rd century BC) cemeteries of Nebringen, Germany and Monte Bibele, Italy were carried out to investigate the role of residential changes during the period of the historic “Celtic migrations”. From an archaeological perspective, the location of the cemeteries in the Celtic core (Nebringen) and expansion area (Monte Bibele), and the distinctive development of their material culture, suggest that the buried populations had differing mobility rates. On the contrary, the strontium results indicate that only few individuals were mobile or non-local. There is, however, a difference in variation of strontium isotope ratios …
Tracing the Alkinoos Harbor of ancient Kerkyra, Greece, and reconstructing its paleotsunami history
2017
International audience