Search results for " sodium"
showing 10 items of 196 documents
Salt and fat contents in model cheeses influence the release of sodium ions and aroma compounds
2012
The health authorities recommend a reduction in salt (NaCl) and fat contents of foodstuff. But reducing such components without affecting acceptability is a major challenge, particularly because of the interactions with other ingredients, such as aroma compounds. One way could be to increase the mobility of both sodium ions and aroma compounds in food matrix and their release during consumption. This study consists in a multimodal approach to understand the effect of changes in composition of model cheeses on the mobility and release of flavour molecules (NaCl, aroma compounds). Six flavoured model cheeses have been formulated (three fat/protein contents, two NaCl contents). The rheological…
5-Substituted 4,5-Dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3(2H)-ones from the Unprecedented Reaction between α-N-Protected Amino Acid Hydrazides and NaBH4
2006
α-N-Protected amino acid hydrazides (1) readily reacted with NaBH4 to afford 5-substituted 4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3(2H)-one derivatives 2 in good yields. Unfortunately, the reaction caused partial racemization at the α-amino acidic carbon atom of the starting hydrazide. A mechanism, supported by experimental evidence, has been proposed in an attempt to explain this to date unprecedented reaction. The structure of compounds 2 was confirmed by X-ray structural analysis. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
NonclassicalPschorr andSandmeyer Reactions in Pyrazole Series
2005
The diazonium salt derived from 4-amino-N,1,3-trimethyl-N-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (14) was reacted with a mixture of CuSO4 and NaCl, with ascorbic acid as an initiator to afford the planar derivative 4,6-dihydro-1,4,6,8-tetramethyl-3-phenyldipyrazolo[3,4-b:4′,3′-d]pyridin-5(3H)-one (16) and its unexpected isomer 4,6-dihydro-3,4,6,8-tetramethyl-1-phenyldipyrazolo[4,3-b:4′,3′-d]pyridin-5(1H)-one (17), as well as the epimers (3S,4S)- (or (3S,4R)-) and (3S,4R)- (or (3S,4S)-) 4-chloro-2,4-dihydro-1′,3′,5,5′-tetramethyl-2-phenylspiro[pyrazole-3,4′(1′H)-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazol]-6′(5′H)-one (18a and b, respectively). Epimers 18a and b were converted under basic c…
The methanol sesquisolvate of sodium naproxen
2018
A new solvatomorph of sodium naproxen with methanol as solvent is reported. The asymmetric unit comprises two formula units of sodium naproxen and three methanol molecules.
Investigations of methyl lactate in the presence of reverse micelles by vibrational spectroscopy and circular dichroism
2012
Abstract The FT-IR and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra of ( S )- and -( R )-methyl lactate have been recorded for neat samples and at various concentrations in CCl 4 and DMSO solutions. These spectra are used to analyse the FT-IR and VCD spectra of methyl lactates in presence of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) in CCl 4 , where the surfactant molecules are known to form reverse micelles. Some tendency of methyl lactate to interact with AOT micellar aggregates is observed, but not as well defined as previously observed for dimethyl tartrate in analogous circumstances. Besides, near infrared (NIR) absorption and VCD data have been obtained for most of the above system…
Effects of obesity and estradiol on Na+/K+-ATPase and their relevance to cardiovascular diseases
2013
Obesity is associated with aberrant sodium/potassium-ATPase (Na+/K+-ATPase) activity, apparently linked to hyperglycemic hyperinsulinemia, which may repress or inactivate the enzyme. The reduction of Na+/K+-ATPase activity in cardiac tissue induces myocyte death and cardiac dysfunction, leading to the development of myocardial dilation in animal models; this has also been documented in patients with heart failure (HF). During several pathological situations (cardiac insufficiency and HF) and in experimental models (obesity), the heart becomes more sensitive to the effect of cardiac glycosides, due to a decrease in Na+/K+-ATPase levels. The primary female sex steroid estradiol has long been …
Sodium oxybate therapy for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and the maintenance of alcohol abstinence
2017
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB or sodium oxybate) is both an exogenous and endogenous molecule with neuromodulator properties. In the United States, GHB is an approved drug for the treatment of narcolepsy and narcolepsy with cataplexy in adults. In some European Union countries, sodium oxybate is applied for the treatment of opioid and alcohol withdrawal.
L’IPONATRIEMIA NELL’ANZIANO: UNA PROBLEMATICA SEMPRE ATTUALE
2015
Le alterazioni della concentrazione plasmatica del sodio rappresentano una delle disionie di più frequente riscontro nei pazienti ricoverati e che l’incidenza e la prevalenza aumentano con l’età. Molteplici fattori correlati all’invecchiamento giocano un ruolo in tal senso; ad esempio, variazioni anatomiche e funzionali, modificazioni della composizione corporea, alterazioni dei meccanismi fisiologici che regolano il metabolismo e l’omeostasi del sodio e dell’acqua. L’aumento dell’incidenza di tali disturbi nella popolazione anziana rappresenta un chiaro esempio di come l’invecchiamento è in grado di compromettere le capacità di compenso, di adattamento e l’omeostasi dell’organismo. Alterat…
Salt release monitoring with specific sensors in "in vitro" oral and digestive environments from soft cheeses
2012
International audience; The objective of the present work is to demonstrate the interest and the feasibility of the measurement of NaCl concentrations in soft cheeses and in particular an in vitro digestion process by the use of chemical sensors. The analyzed matrices were the commercial Italian mozzarella cheeses and domestic cheese base models. The classification of mozzarellas was performed according to their salinity, while the breakdown of cheese base models has been followed both at initial steps of digestion in artificial mouth dispositive mimicking the oral sphere and in a gut-imitating digester (TIM-1). During the breakdown of soft cheese in the digester, the estimated values for N…
The role of lactate besides the lactic acidosis
2013
Lactic acidosis (LA) is the most common form of metabolic acidosis defined by values of lactate greater than 5 mmol / l and by a pH <7.34. The pathogenesis of LA involves hypoxic (type A) and non hypoxic (type B) causes which are often coexisting. Lactic acidosis is usual in hospitalized population especially in subjects in intensive care units, in which lactate levels on admission could be predictors of mortality even in the absence of organ dysfunction or shock. The outcome is mainly dependent on the cardiovascular effects of acidosis. In subjects with cardiogenic shock, the increased lactate/pyruvate ratio, detectable at onset, is correladed with mortality. An early assessment of blood a…