Search results for " spine"
showing 10 items of 185 documents
Efectos de la exposición crónica al etanol sobre el tráfico intracelular y citoesqueleto como factores implicados en la migración neuronal
2013
El consumo de etanol durante la gestación puede inducir una serie de alteraciones graves en el desarrollo del feto, la manifestación más extrema da lugar al Síndrome Alcohólico Fetal (SAF). La exposición prenatal al alcohol es la causa conocida y, además evitable, más importante de retraso mental en el mundo occidental. Además de déficits cognitivos, los niños con SAF presentan múltiples anomalías estructurales en el sistema nervioso central, como reducción de la masa cerebral, y a nivel celular, daños en la migración neuronal, en el proceso de formación de espinas dendríticas y establecimiento de sinapsis. En la actualidad, los mecanismos moleculares implicados en la teratogénesis inducida…
Long-spined polymorphic neurons of the medial cortex of lizards: a Golgi, Timm, and electron-microscopic study.
1988
The morphology, ultrastructure, and principal synaptic input of longspined neurons located in the inner plexiform layer of the medial cortex in three related species of lizards is described. Golgi impregnations have been used to define the external morphology of these neurons and their axonal trajectories. Their most striking characteristic is the presence of very long spines or “microdendrites” especially abundant on the distal dendritic segments. Axons have ascendent trajectories, pass through the cell layer, and ramify in the outer plexiform layer. Combined Golgi-electron microscopy as well as standard electron microscopy permitted the definition of the ultrastructure of these neurons. T…
Influence of occlusal vertical dimension on cervical spine mobility in sports subjects
2016
Introduction: In the scientific literature, a number of studies have reported conflicting results regarding the effects of occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) on sports-related skills. The purpose of this study was to increase OVD in sports subjects so as to specifically investigate the influence on cervical spine mobility. In particular, we measured cervical range of motion (ROM) before and after increasing OVD in individuals, either with or without malocclusion, analyzing both sports and sedentary subjects. Materials and methods: Participants were divided into two groups: a sports group (SG) and a control group (CG), each including 18 subjects. The SG was composed of sports subjects (age: 2…
A fatal iatrogenic right vertebral injury after transoral odontoidectomy and posterior cervical stabilization for a type II odontoid fracture.
2014
Abstract The authors present a singular case of an iatrogenic right vertebral artery injury, involving a 67 year-old man, who reported a type II odontoid fracture (Anderson and D'Alonzo Classification) and posterior atlantoaxial dislocation following a road traffic accident. A small injury involving the right vertebral artery occurred as a consequence of transoral odontoidectomy and posterior cervical stabilization. It was caused by bone spicules of spinal origin and their presence was confirmed by the histological section of the right vertebral artery at the level of C1–C2. The case confirms how iatrogenic vertebral artery injuries during cervical spine surgery may be potentially lethal, e…
Regional and experiential differences in surgeon preference for the treatment of cervical facet injuries: a case study survey with the AO Spine Cervi…
2021
Abstract Purpose The management of cervical facet dislocation injuries remains controversial. The main purpose of this investigation was to identify whether a surgeon’s geographic location or years in practice influences their preferred management of traumatic cervical facet dislocation injuries. Methods A survey was sent to 272 AO Spine members across all geographic regions and with a variety of practice experience. The survey included clinical case scenarios of cervical facet dislocation injuries and asked responders to select preferences among various diagnostic and management options. Results A total of 189 complete responses were received. Over 50% of responding surgeons in each region…
Robotics in Neurosurgery – Past, Presence and Future
2021
In multiple ways, neurosurgery is the perfect field for the implementation of robotic assisted procedures. Neurosurgical operations require precise and fine manipulation of deeply located critical neural structures that are accessed through a small corridor. The concept of robots has evolved from “human-like” machines to programmable, multifunctional specialized devices. To this day, the majority of robotic-assisted neurosurgical operations involve a shared-control system. They have involved a robotic arm that moves an instrument to a specific location based on Cartesian coordinates and is then locked in place. The operating neurosurgeon proceeds with the instrument along the path defined b…
Brain erythropoietin fine-tunes a counterbalance between neurodifferentiation and microglia in the adult hippocampus
2021
In adult cornu ammonis hippocampi, erythropoietin (EPO) expression drives the differentiation of new neurons,independent of DNA synthesis, and increases dendritic spine density. This substantial brain hardwareupgrade is part of a regulatory circle: during motor-cognitive challenge, neurons experience ‘‘functional’’hypoxia, triggering neuronal EPO production, which in turn promotes improved performance. Here, weshow an unexpected involvement of resident microglia. During EPO upregulation and stimulated neurodifferentiation,either by functional or inspiratory hypoxia, microglia numbers decrease. Treating mice with recombinanthuman (rh)EPO or exposure to hypoxia recapitulates these changes and…
Intraoperative microvascular Doppler monitoring of blood flow within a spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: a precious surgical tool. Case report.
2001
The authors describe a case of spinal arteriovenous fistula (AVF) treated by a microvauscular Doppler–assisted surgical interruption of the arterialized vein. Microvascular Doppler monitoring represents a valid, widely available, non-invasive tool that enables identification, through flow spectrum analysis, of components of this type of vascular malformation. In this case because the location of the fistula was identified prior to opening the dura only minimally invasive surgery was required. Direct recordings of the arterialized draining vein and the nidus of the fistula demonstrated a pathological spectrum caused by the arterial supply and the disturbed venous outflow in which a high-resi…
Effect of coatings on long term behaviour of a commercial stainless steel for solid oxide electrolyser cell interconnect application in H2 /H2O atmos…
2014
Abstract K41X (AISI 441) stainless steel evidenced a high electrical conductivity after 3000 h ageing in H 2 /H 2 O side when used as interconnect for solid oxide electrolyser cells (SOEC) working at 800 °C. Perovskite (La 1 − x Sr x MnO 3 − δ ) and spinel (Co 3 O 4 ) oxides coatings were applied on the surface of the ferritic steel for ageing at 800 °C for 3000 h. Both coatings improved the behaviour of the steel and give interesting opportunities to use the K41X steel as interconnect for hydrogen production via high temperature steam electrolysis. Co 3 O 4 reduced into Co leading to a very good Area Specific Resistance (ASR) parameter, 0.038 Ω cm 2 . Despite a good ASR (0.06 Ω cm 2 ), La …
Apical dendritic spines and axonic terminals in the bipyramidal neurons of the dorsomedial cortex of lizards (Lacerta).
1984
Gold-toned bipyramidal neurons of the dorsomedial cortex of Lacerta have been studied using light and electron microscopy. The spines have been classified as stubby, mushroom-shaped or thin. Thin and mushroom-shaped spines are only found on proximal and intermediate dendritic segments, whereas stubby spines are found on distal dendritic segments. A Timm's method modification for electron microscopy (sulphide-osmium procedure) has been used. Timm-positive axonal endings usually synapse on thin and mushroom-shaped spines, whereas Timm-negative axonal endings usually synapse on stubby spines. Timm-positive afferents and their post-synaptic spines on bipyramidal neurons of Lacerta's dorsomedial…