Search results for " spray"

Randomized placebo-controlled trial comparing fluticasone aqueous nasal spray in mono-therapy, fluticasone plus cetirizine, fluticasone plus monteluk…

2004

BACKGROUND: Corticosteroids are considered to be particularly effective in reducing nasal congestion and are therefore recommended as first-line treatment in allergic rhinitis patients with moderate to severe and/or persistent symptoms. OBJECTIVE: We compared the clinical efficacy of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray (FPANS) 200 microg given once daily, administered in mono-therapy or combined therapy with a H1 receptor antagonist (cetirizine, CTZ) or with a leukotriene antagonist (montelukast, MSK), and the combined therapy of CTZ plus MSK in the treatment of patients affected by allergic rhinitis to Parietaria during natural pollen exposure. In addition, we examined the effect of…

Caractérisation et prédiction du rendement de projection lors du procédé de projection à froid – cas de la métallisation des polymères

2020

This thesis work deals with the cold spray metallization of polymer substrates by aiming at an optimal deposition efficiency using experimental analysis combined with numerical simulation. Experimental observations of the powder jet using an ombroscopic analysis have revealed a generic behavior consisting of a uniform confined zone at the immediate exit of the nozzle followed by a dispersed zone. The supersonic flow at the nozzle exit being essentially axial, the powders are entrained to form a uniform jet. Beyond a certain distance, a dispersion appears. This distance is very important because it characterizes the behavior of the powders. It can alter the conditions for the elaboration of …

Encapsulation of Alcohol Dehydrogenase in Mannitol by Spray Drying

2014

The retention of the enzyme activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) has been studied in various drying processes such as spray drying. The aim of this study is to encapsulate ADH in mannitol, either with or without additive in order to limit the thermal denaturation of the enzyme during the drying process. The retention of ADH activity was investigated at different drying temperatures. When mannitol was used, the encapsulated ADH was found inactive in all the dried powders. This is presumably due to the quick crystallization of mannitol during spray drying that resulted in the impairment of enzyme protection ability in comparison to its amorphous form. Maltodextin (dextrose equivalent = 11)…

Method for Identifying In-Flight Particles based on Digital Image Technologies in Thermal Spraying

2021

Abstract In thermal spray processes, the characteristics of in-flight particles (velocity and temperature) have a significant effect on coating performance. Although many imaging systems and algorithms have been developed for identifying and tracking in-flight particles, most are limited in terms of accuracy. One key to solving the tracking problem is to get an algorithm that can distinguish different particles in each image frame. As the study showed, when noise and interference are treated, particles are more readily identified in the background, leading to more accurate size and position measurements with respect to time. This approach is demonstrated and the results discussed.

Norm values for eosinophil cationic protein in nasal secretions: influence of specimen collection

1999

Background Eosinophil granulocytes play an important role in allergic inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) is a specific eosinophil granule protein released upon activation of these cells. ECP concentration in nasal secretions has been demonstrated to be a good marker for the activity of eosinophilic nasal mucosal inflammation. The clinical use of such a marker requires defined values which are regarded as pathological or within normal range. In analyses of nasal secretion samples, the sampling method has an important influence on the data obtained. Objective We investigated ECP levels in nasal secretions (NS) of healthy volunteers obtained by seven different …

Comparison of the effects of fluticasone propionate, aqueous nasal spray and levocabastine on inflammatory cells in nasal lavage and clinical activit…

1999

BACKGROUND Treatment options for allergic rhinitis include antihistamines, decongestants, anticholinergics, cromolyn sodium and corticosteroids. As the nose is a small organ, comprising less than 1% of total body mass and surface area, it seems logical to confine treatment of rhinitis to the diseased organ. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of therapy with intranasal fluticasone propionate (FP), both on subjective symptoms and pathophysiological mechanisms, in rhinitis patients during pollen season when the patients were symptomatic. METHODS We used a double-blind, placebo (PLA)-controlled, randomized, double dummy, parallel group study of the effect of 6 weeks treatment. The double-blind c…

Pharmacotherapy for Breakthrough Cancer Pain

2012

Breakthrough pain (BTP) is a transient exacerbation of pain that occurs either spontaneously, or in relation to a specific predictable or unpredictable trigger, despite relatively stable and adequately controlled background pain. The principal pharmacological treatment of BTP is represented by the administration of opioids as needed. Oral opioids have traditionally been the only available drugs for BTP. However, the onset and duration of action of oral opioids such as morphine or oxycodone may not be suitable for treating many episodes of BTP that are of short onset and duration. Transmucosal administration of lipophilic substances has gained a growing popularity in recent years due to the …

The water-soluble fraction of marine aerosol particles measured on the Island of Helgoland, North Sea

1997

Investigation of the Cooling of Hot Walls by Liquid Water Sprays

1999

An experimental study was conducted for the heat transfer from hot walls to liquid water sprays. Four full cone, swirl spray nozzles were used at different upstream pressures, giving mass fluxes impinging on the wall, G, from 8 to 80 kg m(-2) s(-1), mean droplet velocities, U, from 13 to 28 m s(-1) and mean droplet diameters, D, from 0.4 to 2.2 mm. A target consisting of two slabs of beryllium-copper alloy, each 4 x 5 cm in size and 1.1 mm thick, was electrically heated to about 300 degrees C and then rapidly and symmetrically cooled by water sprays issuing from two identical nozzles. The midplane temperature was measured by a fast response, thin-foil thermocouple and the experimental data …

Rewetting of a hot vertical surface by liquid sprays

2005

Hot surfaces rewetting interests several technological fields. A very important application is in nuclear reactors technology, where it governs the cooling of overheated fuel elements during hypothesized loss of coolant accidents (LOCAs). This phenomenon is also important in many normal processes and accidental situations taking place in conventional processes. For example when the integrity of metallic containers, filled by toxic or dangerous substances, is endangered by a hypothetical fire. The rewetting consists in the re-establishment of coolant in contact with metallic surfaces become dried due to high temperature. To this end cold liquid is injected on these surfaces via sprays or other …