Search results for " surface"

showing 10 items of 2838 documents

Nonsymmetric conical upper density and $k$-porosity

2017

We study how the Hausdorff measure is distributed in nonsymmetric narrow cones in R n \mathbb {R}^n . As an application, we find an upper bound close to n − k n-k for the Hausdorff dimension of sets with large k k -porosity. With k k -porous sets we mean sets which have holes in k k different directions on every small scale.

Scale (ratio)Applied MathematicsGeneral Mathematics010102 general mathematicsMathematicsofComputing_GENERALGeometryConical surface01 natural sciencesUpper and lower bounds010104 statistics & probabilityMathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEsHausdorff dimensionClassical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)FOS: MathematicsHausdorff measure0101 mathematicsPorosityMathematics
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Imaging of surface plasmon propagation and edge interaction using a photon scanning tunneling microscope

1994

We report the direct imaging of surface plasmon propagation on thin silver films using the photon scanning tunneling microscope. It is found that the surface plasmon remains tightly confined in the original launch direction with insignificant scattering to other momentum states. A propagation length of 13.2 \ensuremath{\mu}m is measured at \ensuremath{\lambda}=632.8 nm. We also present images showing the interaction of a surface plasmon with the edge of the metal film supporting it. The most remarkable feature is the absence of specularly reflected beam.

Scanning Hall probe microscopeMaterials scienceScanning tunneling spectroscopySurface plasmonNanophotonicsPhysics::OpticsGeneral Physics and AstronomySpin polarized scanning tunneling microscopyMolecular physicslaw.inventionScanning probe microscopylawScanning tunneling microscopeLocalized surface plasmonPhysical Review Letters
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Enhanced photocatalytic performance of novel electrospun BN/TiO 2 composite nanofibers

2017

International audience; High activity boron nitride/titanium dioxide (BN/TiO2) composite nanofiber photocatalysts were synthesized for the first time via the electrospinning technique. The as-spun nanofibers with a controlled ratio of boron nitride nanosheets (BN) were calcined under air at 500 °C for 4 hours. Their morphological, structural and optical properties were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), BET surface area, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, UV-Visible spectrophotometry and room temperature photoluminescence (PL). The effect of loading different BN sheet amounts on the photocat…

Scanning electron microscope02 engineering and technologyGeneral Chemistry[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry[CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis010402 general chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology7. Clean energy01 natural sciencesCatalysisElectrospinning0104 chemical scienceschemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryChemical engineeringBoron nitrideSpecific surface areaNanofiberTitanium dioxideMaterials ChemistryMethyl orangePhotocatalysis0210 nano-technology
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Round Robin Testing initiative for fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement

2011

An international Round Robin Testing (RRT) programm e on FRP reinforcement was conducted within the framework of the Marie Curie R esearch Training Network, EN- CORE, and with the support of Task Group 9.3 of the International Federation for Structural Concrete (fib). Eleven laboratories and six manufacturers and suppliers participated in this exercise. As part of this exte nsive experimental endeavour, one or more of the following tests were performed by the partic ipating laboratories: 1) tensile tests on FRP bars and strips; 2) tensile tests on FRP lamina tes; 3) double bond shear tests on FRP laminates (Externally Bonded Reinforcement, EBR) an d FRP bars/strip (Near Surface Mounted rein…

Science & TechnologyBond testArchitecture2300 Environmental Science (all)Bond test; EBR; FRP; NSM; RRT; Civil and Structural Engineering; Building and Construction; Architecture2300 Environmental Science (all)Near Surface Mounted reinforcement (NSM)EBRBuilding and ConstructionExternally Bonded Reinforcement (EBR)NSMFRPRRTCivil and Structural Engineering
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Night Thermal Unmixing for the Study of Microscale Surface Urban Heat Islands with TRISHNA-Like Data

2019

International audience; Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) at the surface and canopy levels are major issues in urban planification and development. For this reason, the comprehension and quantification of the influence that the different land-uses/land-covers have on UHIs is of particular importance. In order to perform a detailed thermal characterisation of the city, measures covering the whole scenario (city and surroundings) and with a recurrent revisit are needed. In addition, a resolution of tens of meters is needed to characterise the urban heterogeneities. Spaceborne remote sensing meets the first and the second requirements but the Land Surface Temperature (LST) resolutions remain too rough…

ScienceSURFACE URBAN HEAT ISLANDDÉMÉLANGESUHIQTRISHNA MISSIONLAND SURFACE TEMPERATURENIGHT THERMAL UNMIXINGURBAN AREANUIT[SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processingMILIEU URBAIN
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Hydraulic kinetics of the graft union in different Olea europaea L. scion/rootstock combinations

2007

The hydraulic resistance of young olive trees grafted on rootstocks with contrasting size-controlling potential was measured 30, 90, 360 and 480 days after grafting. Olive (Olea europaea L.) clones inducing plant vigorous growth (Leccino ‘Minerva’, LM) or dwarfing (Leccino ‘Dwarf’, LD) were studied in different scion/rootstock combinations (LD/LD, LD/LM, LM/LD, LM/LM). Plants growing on LD root systems developed lower leaf surface areas (about 50% less) than plants grafted on LM rootstocks. Graft union represented the largest fraction (up to 85%) of whole-plant hydraulic resistance 30 days after grafting, and still represented an important fraction of it 2 months later (40–55%). Four-hundre…

ScionbiologyThe hydraulic resistance of young olive trees grafted on rootstocks with contrasting size-controlling potential was measured 30 90 360 and 480 days after grafting. Olive (Olea europaea L.) clones inducing plant vigorous growth (Leccino ‘Minerva’ LM) or dwarfing (Leccino ‘Dwarf’ LD) were studied in different scion/rootstock combinations (LD/LD LD/LM LM/LD LM/LM). Plants growing on LD root systems developed lower leaf surface areas (about 50% less) than plants grafted on LM rootstocks. Graft union represented the largest fraction (up to 85%) of whole-plant hydraulic resistance 30 days after grafting and still represented an important fraction of it 2 months later (40–55%). Four-hundred and eighty days after grafting the hydraulic resistance of the graft union became negligible (<3%) with no difference among the different scion/rootstock combinations. Our data reinforce the idea of graft hydraulics not playing a role in depressing the vigour of the scion as observable in adult plants grafted onto dwarfing rootstocks. The long time required for the vascularisation to be complete on the contrary represents the main risk for successful olive breeding.food and beveragesOlea europaea LGraft hydraulic resistanceDwarfingPlant ScienceRoot systemHPFMHydraulic resistancebiology.organism_classificationGraftingDwarfingOlive treesHorticultureOleaOleaceaeBotanyGraft hydraulic resistance; Olea europaea L.; Dwarfing; Scion; Rootstock; HPFMRootstockRootstockAgronomy and Crop ScienceEcology Evolution Behavior and Systematics
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Vermetid reefs in the Mediterranean Sea as archives of sea-level and surface temperature changes

2011

Vermetid reefs are among the most important bioconstructions in the Mediterranean Sea, with a distribution restricted to the warmest part of the basin. Their structure, and vertical and geographical distribution make them good biological indicators of changes in sea level and sea-surface temperature over the last two millennia.

Sea level changeSettore BIO/07 - Ecologiageographygeography.geographical_feature_categoryEcologyvermetid reef; sea-level change; sea-surface temperature; Mediterranean SeaStructural basinSea surface temperaturesea-level changeOceanographyMediterranean seaAquatic environmentsea-surface temperatureMediterranean SeaGeneral Earth and Planetary SciencesPhysical geographyReefEcology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsGeologySea levelvermetid reefGeneral Environmental Science
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&lt;title&gt;Surface temperature retrieval from MODIS data&lt;/title&gt;

2001

12 MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) was launched on board the NASA's Terra Earth Observing System (EOS AM-1) Satellite on December 18, 1999. We propose in this work operative split-window algorithms for retrieving sea surface temperature (SST) and land surface temperature (LST) using MODIS data. In order to attain our goal, the MODTRAN 3.5 radiative transfer code was used to predict radiances for MODIS channels 31 and 32. To analyze atmospheric effects, a set of radiosoundings was used to cover the variability of surface temperature and water vapor concentration on a worldwide scale. These simulated data were split into two sets which have very similar distributions in …

Sea surface temperatureGeographyMeteorologyMODTRANEmissivityRadiative transferSatelliteAtmospheric modelModerate-resolution imaging spectroradiometerWater vaporRemote sensingSPIE Proceedings
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An improvement of June-September rainfall forecasting in the Sahel based upon region April-May moist static energy content (1968-1997)

1999

This study provides statistical evidence that June–September Sahelian rainfall hindcasts currently based on oceanic thermal predictors apprehend more the negative trend than the interannual rainfall variations. Four physically meaningful predictors of June–September Sahel rainfall are first selected through the near-surface April–May information and several experimental hindcasts provided. We then discuss the skills achieved using regression techniques and cross-validated discriminant functions. In that context, 8/11 of the driest seasons and 8/10 of the wettest are correctly predicted. Finally using completely independent training and working periods we show that better and significant hin…

Sea surface temperatureGeophysicsClimatologyTraining (meteorology)Moist static energyGeneral Earth and Planetary SciencesHindcastForecast skillEnvironmental scienceContext (language use)Regression analysisStatistical evidenceGeophysical Research Letters
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In situ angular measurements of thermal infrared sea surface emissivity—Validation of models

2005

Abstract In this paper, sea surface emissivity (SSE) measurements obtained from thermal infrared radiance data are presented. These measurements were carried out from a fixed oilrig under open sea conditions in the Mediterranean Sea during the WInd and Salinity Experiment 2000 (WISE 2000). The SSE retrieval methodology uses quasi-simultaneous measurements of the radiance coming from the sea surface and the downwelling sky radiance, in addition to the sea surface temperature (SST). The radiometric data were acquired by a CIMEL ELECTRONIQUE CE 312 radiometer, with four channels placed in the 8–14 μm region. The sea temperature was measured with high-precision thermal probes located on oceanog…

Sea surface temperatureMediterranean seaRadiometerInfrared windowRadianceSurface roughnessEmissivitySoil ScienceRadiometryGeologyComputers in Earth SciencesGeologyRemote sensingRemote Sensing of Environment
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