Search results for " symmetry"

showing 10 items of 701 documents

Boson peak and hybridization of acoustic modes with vibrations of nanometric heterogeneities in glasses

2007

9 pages; International audience; The low-frequency dynamics in glasses is compared with that in icosahedral quasicrystals. For both arrangements of matter, the existence of nanometric heterogeneities, implying the existence of a nanometric inhomogeneous elastic network, is expected to play a crucial role. Thanks to this comparison, mostly based on inelastic x-ray (neutron) scattering data, it is proposed that the excess of vibrational density of states observed in both materials is due to the hybridization of longitudinal and transverse acoustic modes with modes localized around the heterogeneities.

DiffractionPhysicsCondensed matter physicsIcosahedral symmetryScatteringNeutron diffraction[ PHYS.COND.CM-MS ] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]Quasicrystal02 engineering and technology021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyCondensed Matter Physics01 natural sciencesElectromagnetic radiationElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materials0103 physical sciences[PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]Neutron010306 general physics0210 nano-technologyBoson
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Three-dimensional behavior of apodized nontelecentric focusing systems.

2002

The scalar field in the focal volume of nontelecentric apodized focusing systems cannot be accurately described by the Debye integral representation. By use of the Fresnel–Kirchhoff diffraction formula it is found that, if the aperture stop is axially displaced, the focal-volume structure is tuned. We analyze the influence of the apodizing function and find that, whereas axially superresolving pupil filters are highly sensitive to the focal-volume reshaping effect, axially apodizing filters are more inclined to the focal-shift effect.

DiffractionPhysicsbusiness.industryMaterials Science (miscellaneous)Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for AstrophysicsPhysics::OpticsIndustrial and Manufacturing EngineeringKirchhoff's diffraction formulasymbols.namesakeOpticsApodizationsymbolsFresnel numberBusiness and International ManagementbusinessAxial symmetryScalar fieldFresnel diffractionDebyeApplied optics
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Study of Reactivity in the 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions Leading to New Triazolopyrrolopyrazine Ring Systems

2010

The influence of the structural symmetry of the 2-pi double-reactive-sites component in the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions, involving nitrilimines as dipoles, was investigated. the experimental data showed that the loss of the symmetry leads to the formation of the monocycloadduct in good yields.

Dipole13-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions Triazolopyrrolopyrazine Ring SystemsChemistryOrganic Chemistry13-Dipolar cycloadditionStructural symmetryReactivity (chemistry)Ring (chemistry)PhotochemistrySettore CHIM/08 - Chimica FarmaceuticaSymmetry (physics)CycloadditionSynlett
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Organic Materials for Non-Linear Optics: The 2D Approach

1998

Conventional organic molecules for applications in second-order non-linear optics are donor–acceptor substituted π systems that show only one intense charge-transfer (CT) transition. Thus, only a single element of the second-order polarizability tensor, β, is significant in these one-dimensional systems. The advantages and optimization strategies for two new classes of molecules with multiple CT transitions and two-dimensional second-order polarizability are reviewed. These are donor–acceptor substituted π systems that lack a dipole and have a molecular symmetry of C3 or higher, and dipolar molecules of symmetry C2v. A basic introduction to the field is also given.

DipoleField (physics)ChemistryChemical physicsPolarizabilityMolecular symmetryMoleculeNonlinear opticsNanotechnologySingle elementGeneral MedicinePhysics::Chemical PhysicsSymmetry (physics)Journal f�r Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung
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ChemInform Abstract: Organic Materials for Non-Linear Optics: The 2D Approach

2010

Conventional organic molecules for applications in second-order non-linear optics are donor–acceptor substituted π systems that show only one intense charge-transfer (CT) transition. Thus, only a single element of the second-order polarizability tensor, β, is significant in these one-dimensional systems. The advantages and optimization strategies for two new classes of molecules with multiple CT transitions and two-dimensional second-order polarizability are reviewed. These are donor–acceptor substituted π systems that lack a dipole and have a molecular symmetry of C3 or higher, and dipolar molecules of symmetry C2v. A basic introduction to the field is also given.

DipoleField (physics)PolarizabilityChemistryChemical physicsMolecular symmetryNonlinear opticsMoleculeSingle elementGeneral MedicinePhysics::Chemical PhysicsSymmetry (physics)ChemInform
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P-matrix completions under weak symmetry assumptions

2000

An n-by-n matrix is called a Π-matrix if it is one of (weakly) sign-symmetric, positive, nonnegative P-matrix, (weakly) sign-symmetric, positive, nonnegative P0,1-matrix, or Fischer, or Koteljanskii matrix. In this paper, we are interested in Π-matrix completion problems, that is, when a partial Π-matrix has a Π-matrix completion. Here, we prove that a combinatorially symmetric partial positive P-matrix has a positive P-matrix completion if the graph of its specified entries is an n-cycle. In general, a combinatorially symmetric partial Π-matrix has a Π-matrix completion if the graph of its specified entries is a 1-chordal graph. This condition is also necessary for (weakly) sign-symmetric …

Discrete mathematicsMatrix completionNumerical AnalysisAlgebra and Number TheorySymmetric graphCombinatorial symmetry010102 general mathematicsComparability graphIncidence matrix010103 numerical & computational mathematics01 natural sciencesGraphCombinatoricsVertex-transitive graphP-matrixGraph powerDiscrete Mathematics and CombinatoricsRegular graphAdjacency matrixGeometry and Topology0101 mathematicsComplement graphMathematicsLinear Algebra and its Applications
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Tevatron Run II combination of the effective leptonic electroweak mixing angle

2018

The Ministry of Science and Innovation and the Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Program and the European Union community Marie Curie Fellowship Contract No. 302103.

Drell-Yan processsemianalytical programsPhysics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)FERMION PAIR PRODUCTIONUPGRADETevatronhadron-colliders01 natural sciencesHigh Energy Physics - ExperimentPhysics Particles & Fieldselectron: pair productionHigh Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)MONTE-CARLOUNIVERSAL MONTE-CARLOELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETERDZERO[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]HADRON COLLIDERSangular distributionBatavia TEVATRON CollMonte CarloPhysicsscattering [anti-p p]gauge bosonPhysicsElectroweak interactionDrell–Yan processWeinberg anglespontaneous symmetry breaking [electroweak interaction]muon: pair productionPhysical Sciencesmixing angle [electroweak interaction]bosonPHOTOSmass: measured [W]asymmetryParticle physicsFOS: Physical sciencesSEMIANALYTICAL PROGRAMddc:500.2Astronomy & Astrophysicselectroweak interaction: spontaneous symmetry breaking114 Physical sciences530programmingW: mass: measuredStandard Modelanti-p p: colliding beams[ PHYS.HEXP ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]hadroproduction [Z0]0103 physical sciencesanti-p p: scatteringddc:530High Energy Physicspair production [electron]pair production [muon]CALORIMETER010306 general physicsQED RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONSQed radiative-corrections; fermion pair production; universal; Monte Carlo; parton distributions; hadron-colliders; electromagnetic; calorimeter;semianalytical programs; E(+)E(-) annihilation; boson; production; D0 detectorGauge bosonBOSON PRODUCTIONMuonScience & Technologyelectroweak interaction: mixing angleAnti-p p: scattering | anti-p p: colliding beams | Z0: hadroproduction | Z0: leptonic decay | electroweak interaction: spontaneous symmetry breaking | electroweak interaction: mixing angle | muon: pair production | W: mass: measured | Weinberg angle | Batavia TEVATRON Coll | angular distribution | electron: pair production | Drell-Yan process | gauge boson | programming | asymmetry | CDF | DZERO | experimental resultsIDENTIFICATION010308 nuclear & particles physicsHigh Energy Physics::PhenomenologyuniversalWeinberg angleZ0: hadroproductionQED RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; FERMION PAIR PRODUCTION; UNIVERSAL; MONTE-CARLO; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; HADRON COLLIDERS; ELECTROMAGNETIC; CALORIMETER; SEMIANALYTICAL PROGRAM; E(+)E(-) ANNIHILATION; BOSON; PRODUCTION; D0 DETECTORleptonic decay [Z0]E(+)E(-) ANNIHILATIONelectromagneticPARTON DISTRIBUTIONSExperimental High Energy PhysicsZ0: leptonic decayD0 DETECTORCDFHigh Energy Physics::Experimentproductioncolliding beams [anti-p p]Leptonexperimental results
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Conformal transformations and weak field limit of scalar-tensor gravity

2013

The weak field limit of scalar tensor theories of gravity is discussed in view of conformal transformations. Specifically, we consider how physical quantities, like gravitational potentials derived in the Newtonian approximation for the same scalar-tensor theory, behave in the Jordan and in the Einstein frame. The approach allows to discriminate features that are invariant under conformal transformations and gives contributions in the debate of selecting the true physical frame. As a particular example, the case of $f(R)$ gravity is considered.

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)PhysicsNuclear and High Energy PhysicsConformal field theoryScalar (physics)FOS: Physical sciencesGeneral Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)Invariant (physics)Astrophysics - Astrophysics of GalaxiesGeneral Relativity and Quantum CosmologyGravitationConformal gravityGeneral Relativity and Quantum CosmologyParameterized post-Newtonian formalismConformal symmetryAstrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)f(R) gravityAstrophysics - Earth and Planetary AstrophysicsMathematical physicsPhysical Review D
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Are business cycles asymmetric? Some European evidence

1997

Economic thought has ofien regal'ded business cycles as asymmetric. This papel' examines the existence of asymmetries over the business cycle in three European countries: France, Germany and the United Kingdom. To analyze this issue, industrial production in these countries from 1957 to 1994 is examined, and quarterly contractions and expansions in this variable are compared. The results obtained with both parametric and nonparametric methods allow the existence of asymmetries in these countries to be questioned. El pensamiento económico ha considerado frecuentemente que los ciclos económicos son de naturaleza asimétrica. Este trabajo examina la existencia de asimetrías en los ciclos económ…

Economic ThoughtMacroeconomicsEconomics and EconometricsVariable (computer science)Market economyIndustrial productionBusiness cycleEconomicsjel:E32Ciclos económicos simetría Business cycle symmetry
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Forward-backward equations for nonlinear propagation in axially invariant optical systems

2004

We present a novel general framework to deal with forward and backward components of the electromagnetic field in axially-invariant nonlinear optical systems, which include those having any type of linear or nonlinear transverse inhomogeneities. With a minimum amount of approximations, we obtain a system of two first-order equations for forward and backward components explicitly showing the nonlinear couplings among them. The modal approach used allows for an effective reduction of the dimensionality of the original problem from 3+1 (three spatial dimensions plus one time dimension) to 1+1 (one spatial dimension plus one frequency dimension). The new equations can be written in a spinor Dir…

Electromagnetic fieldNonlinear systemSpinorMathematical analysisFOS: Physical sciencesNonlinear opticsInvariant (physics)Axial symmetryConserved quantityPhysics - OpticsOptics (physics.optics)MathematicsCurse of dimensionalityPhysical Review E
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