Search results for " temporal"

showing 10 items of 234 documents

Minimally invasive superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass through a minicraniotomy: benefit of three-dimensional virtual realit…

2009

Object The aim of the authors in this study was to introduce a minimally invasive superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass surgery by the preselection of appropriate donor and recipient branches in a 3D virtual reality setting based on 3-T MR angiography data. Methods An STA-MCA anastomosis was performed in each of 5 patients. Before surgery, 3-T MR imaging was performed with 3D magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo sequences, and a high-resolution CT 3D dataset was obtained. Image fusion and the construction of a 3D virtual reality model of each patient were completed. Results In the 3D virtual reality setting, the skin surface, skull surface…

MaleMiddle Cerebral Arterymedicine.medical_specialtyAnastomosisVirtual realityMagnetic resonance angiographyUser-Computer InterfaceImaging Three-DimensionalPredictive Value of Testsmedicine.arteryPreoperative CareSkin surfacemedicineHumansMinimally Invasive Surgical ProceduresAgedCerebral Revascularizationmedicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industryInfarction Middle Cerebral ArteryIntracranial AneurysmGeneral MedicineMiddle AgedSuperficial temporal arteryTemporal ArteriesDextroscopeBypass surgeryMiddle cerebral arterySurgeryNeurology (clinical)RadiologybusinessCraniotomyMagnetic Resonance AngiographyNeurosurgical Focus
researchProduct

Dysfunction of attention switching networks in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

2019

Objective To localise and characterise changes in cognitive networks in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) using source analysis of mismatch negativity (MMN) waveforms. Rationale The MMN waveform has an increased average delay in ALS. MMN has been attributed to change detection and involuntary attention switching. This therefore indicates pathological impairment of the neural network components which generate these functions. Source localisation can mitigate the poor spatial resolution of sensor-level EEG analysis by associating the sensor-level signals to the contributing brain sources. The functional activity in each generating source can therefore be individually measured and investigat…

MaleMismatch negativitySource localisationEEG ElectroencephalographyMismatch negativityNetworkElectroencephalographylcsh:RC346-429PET Positron emission tomographyCognition0302 clinical medicineC9orf72AttentionEEGAUROC Area under receiver operating characteristic curveAmyotrophic lateral sclerosisAged 80 and overmedicine.diagnostic_test05 social sciencesCognitive flexibilityBrainRegular ArticleElectroencephalographyCognitionMiddle AgedSTG Superior temporal gyrusNeurologyMTG Mid temporal gyrusDLPFC Dorsolateral prefrontal cortexlcsh:R858-859.7FemaleLCMV Linearly constrained minimum varianceIFG Inferior frontal gyrusAdultCognitive Neurosciencelcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics050105 experimental psychologyCWIT Colour-word interference test03 medical and health sciencesfMRI Functional magnetic resonance imagingMEG MagnetoencephalographymedicineMMN Mismatch negativityHumans0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingLS Amyotrophic Lateral SclerosisAAL Automated Anatomical Labellinglcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemAEP Auditory evoked potentialAgedbusiness.industryAmyotrophic Lateral SclerosisIQR Interquartile rangeNeurophysiologyqEEG Quantitative EEGmedicine.diseaseNeurology (clinical)Nerve NetFunctional magnetic resonance imagingbusinessNeuroscience030217 neurology & neurosurgeryeLORETA Exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomographyNeuroImage: Clinical
researchProduct

IL-33 is overexpressed in the inflamed arteries of patients with giant cell arteritis.

2013

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of interleukin (IL)-33 and to evaluate its relationship with macrophage polarisation in artery biopsy specimens from patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA). METHODS: IL-33, ST2, p-STAT-6 and perivascular IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (p-IRAK1) tissue distribution was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Inducible nitric oxide synthase and CD163 were also used by immunohistochemistry to evaluate the M1 and M2 polarisation, respectively. Quantitative gene expression analysis of IL-33, T-helper (Th)2-related transcription factor STAT6, Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-25) and interferon (IFN)-γ was performed in artery biopsy samples obtained from 20 patients…

MalePathologymedicine.medical_specialtyImmunologyGiant Cell ArteritisInflammationGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyGiant cell arteritis IL-33 macrophagesRheumatologyGiant cell arteritiImmunology and AllergyMedicineHumansReceptorSTAT6AgedAged 80 and overInflammationAged; Aged 80 and over; Female; Giant Cell Arteritis; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Inflammation; Interleukins; Male; Middle Aged; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Temporal Arteries; Transcriptomebusiness.industryReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionInterleukinsInterleukinMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseInterleukin-33ImmunohistochemistryTemporal ArteriesmacrophagesInterleukin 33Giant cell arteritisIL-33ImmunohistochemistryFemalemedicine.symptombusinessTranscriptomeCD163
researchProduct

Neocortical Variation of Abeta Load in Fully Expressed, Pure Alzheimer's Disease

2010

The relationship between amyloid-beta (A beta) deposition and tau-related neurofibrillary changes is a key issue in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study was to investigate the extent and cortical distribution of A beta and tau pathology, their mutual links and their correlation with the duration of the disease in thirty-nine patients with fully expressed AD. By tau immunohistochemistry, we identified different patterns of distribution of neurofibrillary changes that were ascribed to Braak stage V and VI. The disease duration was longer in patients at Braak stage VI than in those at V. Morphometric analysis carried out in several neocortical areas demonstrated …

MalePathologymedicine.medical_specialtyTau proteinNeocortextau ProteinsPathogenesisSuperior temporal gyrusAlzheimer Diseasemental disordersmedicineHumansSenile plaquesAgedAged 80 and overNeocortexAmyloid beta-PeptidesbiologyGeneral NeuroscienceGeneral MedicinePsychiatry and Mental healthClinical Psychologymedicine.anatomical_structureGene Expression RegulationCerebral cortexbiology.proteinDisease ProgressionFemaleGeriatrics and GerontologyPrimary motor cortexPsychologyNeuroscienceBraak staging
researchProduct

Trends in the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Italy between 1991 and 2010

2012

The prevalence of asthma increased worldwide until the 1990s, but since then there has been no clear temporal pattern. The present study aimed to assess time trends in the prevalence of current asthma, asthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitis in Italian adults from 1990 to 2010. The same screening questionnaire was administered by mail or phone to random samples of the general population (age 20-44 yrs) in Italy, in the frame of three multicentre studies: the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) (1991-1993; n=6,031); the Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA) (1998-2000; n=18,873); and the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) study (2007-2…

MalePediatricsCross-sectional study95% CI 1.19-1.59) from 1998-2000 to 2007-2010but since then there has been no clear temporal pattern. The present study aimed to assess time trends in the prevalence of current asthmaAbstract The prevalence of asthma increased worldwide until the 1990stemporal trendsSurveys and QuestionnairesEpidemiologySurveys and QuestionnaireMedicineasthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitis in Italian adults from 1990 to 2010. The same screening questionnaire was administered by mail or phone to random samples of the general population (age 20-44 yrs) in ItalyYoung adultrespectively. The prevalence of current asthma was stable during the 1990s and increased (relative risk 1.38from 10.1% to 13.9% and from 16.8% to 25.8%education.field_of_studyAllergic rhinitis; Asthma; Epidemiology; Prevalence; Temporal trends; Wheezing;medicine.diagnostic_testSmokingthe median prevalence of current asthmaallergic rhinitis asthma epidemiology prevalence temporal trends wheezingItalyAbstract The prevalence of asthma increased worldwide until the 1990s but since then there has been no clear temporal pattern. The present study aimed to assess time trends in the prevalence of current asthma asthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitis in Italian adults from 1990 to 2010. The same screening questionnaire was administered by mail or phone to random samples of the general population (age 20-44 yrs) in Italy in the frame of three multicentre studies: the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) (1991-1993; n=6031); the Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA) (1998-2000; n=18873); and the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) study (2007-2010; n=10494). Time trends in prevalence were estimated using Poisson regression models in the centres that repeated the survey at different points in time. From 1991 to 2010 the median prevalence of current asthma wheezing and allergic rhinitis increased from 4.1% to 6.6% from 10.1% to 13.9% and from 16.8% to 25.8% respectively. The prevalence of current asthma was stable during the 1990s and increased (relative risk 1.38 95% CI 1.19-1.59) from 1998-2000 to 2007-2010 mainly in subjects who did not report allergic rhinitis. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis has increased continuously since 1991. The asthma epidemic is not over in Italy. During the past 20 yrs asthma prevalence has increased by 38% in parallel with a similar increase in asthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitis.mainly in subjects who did not report allergic rhinitis. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis has increased continuously since 1991. The asthma epidemic is not over in Italy. During the past 20 yrssymbolsasthma prevalence has increased by 38%FemaleepidemiologyHumanPulmonary and Respiratory MedicineAdult494). Time trends in prevalence were estimated using Poisson regression models in the centres that repeated the survey at different points in time. From 1991 to 2010in parallel with a similar increase in asthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitismedicine.medical_specialtyRhinitis Allergic PerennialPopulationprevalencethe Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA) (1998-2000Settore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratorio031)and the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) study (2007-2010Settore MED/01 - Statistica Medicasymbols.namesakeYoung AdultAllergic rhinitiHumansRespiratory soundsPoisson regressioneducationAsthmaRespiratory SoundsCross-Sectional Studieallergic rhinitisbusiness.industrywheezingwheezing and allergic rhinitis increased from 4.1% to 6.6%Rhinitis Allergic Seasonalasthmain the frame of three multicentre studies: the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) (1991-1993medicine.disease873)Cross-Sectional Studiesn=10Relative riskTemporal trendRespiratory Soundn=6n=18business
researchProduct

In vivo imaging of dopamine receptors in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy

2010

Alterations in dopamine neurotransmission in animal models of epilepsies have been frequently demonstrated using invasive neuroscience or ex vivo techniques. We aimed to test whether corresponding alterations could be detected by noninvasive in vivo brain imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) in the chronic phase of the rat pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy.Six pilocarpine-treated Wistar rats exhibiting spontaneous recurrent seizures and nine control rats were studied with PET using [(18)F]-fallypride, a high-affinity dopamine D(2/3) receptor ligand. Parametric images of [(18)F]-fallypride specific binding were calculated using a reference tissue method, and the two grou…

MalePyrrolidinesDopamineReceptors DopamineTemporal lobeEpilepsyNeuroimagingDopamineIn vivoAnimalsHumansMedicineBrain MappingReceptors Dopamine D2business.industryPilocarpineReceptors Dopamine D3Brainmedicine.diseaseCorpus StriatumRatsDisease Models AnimalEpilepsy Temporal LobeNeurologyDopamine receptorPositron-Emission TomographyBenzamidesAutoradiographyNeurology (clinical)businessNeurosciencePreclinical imagingEx vivomedicine.drugEpilepsia
researchProduct

Role(s) of the 5-HT2C receptor in the development of maximal dentate activation in the hippocampus of anesthetized rats.

2014

Aims: Substantial evidence indicates that 5-HT2C receptors are involved in the control of neuronal network excitability and in seizure pathophysiology. Here, we have addressed the relatively unexplored relationship between temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the most frequent type of intractable epilepsy, and 5-HT2CRs. Methods: In this study, we investigated this issue using a model of partial complex (limbic) seizures in urethane-anesthetized rat, based on the phenomenon of maximal dentate activation (MDA) using 5-HT2C compounds, electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting techniques. Results: The 5-HT2C agonists mCPP (1 mg/kg, i.p) and lorcaserin (3 mg/kg, i.p), but not RO60-0…

MaleSerotonin receptorsmedicine.medical_specialtyGlutamate decarboxylaseDentate gyrus; Depression; GABA; Memory; Serotonergic2c drugs; Serotonin receptors; Temporal lobe epilepsyHippocampusHippocampal formationDentate gyruEpileptogenesisSettore BIO/09 - FisiologiaHippocampusDentate gyrus; Depression; GABA; Memory;LorcaserinRats Sprague-DawleySerotonergic 2c drugGABAEpilepsyMemoryDentate gyrus; Depression; GABA; Memory; Serotonin receptors; Temporal lobe epilepsyPhysiology (medical)Internal medicinemedicineReceptor Serotonin 5-HT2CAnimalsDentate gyrusPharmacology (medical)Serotonin receptorTemporal lobe epilepsyPharmacologyDepressionChemistryDentate gyrusDentate gyrus;Depression; GABA; Memory; Serotonergic2c drugs; Serotonin receptors; Temporal lobe epilepsyOriginal Articlesmedicine.diseaseRats5-HT2C receptorPsychiatry and Mental healthEndocrinologyDepression MentalEpilepsy Temporal LobeDentate GyrusSerotonergic2c drugAnesthetics IntravenousSerotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonistsmedicine.drug
researchProduct

Metabolic changes in vestibular and visual cortices in acute vestibular neuritis

2004

Five right-handed patients with a right-sided vestibular neuritis were examined twice with fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography while lying supine with eyes closed: once during the acute stage (mean, 6.6 days) and then 3 months later when central vestibular compensation had occurred. Regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCGM) was significantly increased (p <0.001 uncorrected) during the acute stage in multisensory vestibular cortical and subcortical areas (parietoinsular vestibular cortex in the posterior insula, posterolateral thalamus, anterior cingulate gyrus [Brodmann area 32/24], pontomesencephalic brainstem, hippocampus). Simultaneously, there was a significant rCGM decrea…

MaleThalamusAuditory cortexFunctional LateralityTransverse temporal gyrusFluorodeoxyglucose F18otorhinolaryngologic diseasesHumansMedicineVestibular NeuronitisAgedVisual CortexAuditory CortexNeurologic ExaminationVestibular systemBrain Mappingbusiness.industryPostcentral gyrusAnatomyMiddle AgedVestibular cortexDiffusion Magnetic Resonance ImagingGlucoseVisual cortexmedicine.anatomical_structureNeurologyCerebrovascular CirculationFemalesense organsNeurology (clinical)businessFollow-Up StudiesTomography Emission-ComputedBrodmann areaAnnals of Neurology
researchProduct

Antiepileptic effect of dimethyl sulfoxide in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy.

2012

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is an amphipathic molecule widely used to solubilize water-insoluble compounds. In many studies it was reported that DMSO is capable of affecting several biological processes, thus resulting in a potential cause for the misinterpretation of experimental data. Recent papers showed that DMSO modified the brain bioelectric activity in animal models of epilepsy. In an in vivo model of temporal lobe epilepsy in the rat, we examined the effects of different doses (10%, 50% and 100%) of DMSO on the maximal dentate activation (MDA). The results show that DMSO induced a dose-dependent significant reduction of the electrically induced paroxysmal activity.

MaleTreatment outcomeRat modelAction PotentialsPharmacologySettore BIO/09 - FisiologiaTemporal lobeEpilepsychemistry.chemical_compoundIn vivomedicineAnimalsHumansDimethyl SulfoxideRats WistarTemporal lobe epilepsyDose-Response Relationship DrugChemistryDimethyl sulfoxideGeneral Neurosciencemedicine.diseaseRatsDose–response relationshipDisease Models AnimalMaximal dentate activationTreatment OutcomeBiochemistryCerebellar NucleiEpilepsy Temporal LobeSolubilizationAnticonvulsantsNeuroscience letters
researchProduct

Effects of electrical stimulation in vestibular cortex areas in humans.

2010

The case of a patient with focal epilepsy is reported who underwent presurgical evaluation by stereotactic intracranial electroencephalographic (EEG) recording. A subdural semi-grid electrode, consisting of three multi-channel strip electrodes, was implanted over the temporal lobe and temporo-occipital region; one multi-channel depth electrode was applied towards the posterior insular cortex. During electrical stimulation and EEG monitoring eye movements were recorded by 3-D video-oculography. Stimulation of the medial temporal gyrus induced blurring of vision and horizontal nystagmus. Stimulation of the superior temporal gyrus with low intensities also induced blurring of vision and a simi…

Malegenetic structuresEye MovementsNystagmusElectroencephalographyInsular cortexTemporal lobeSuperior temporal gyrusYoung AdultGyrusNystagmus PhysiologicMonitoring IntraoperativePreoperative CaremedicineHumansPostural BalanceBrain MappingEpilepsymedicine.diagnostic_testEye movementElectroencephalographyReflex Vestibulo-OcularVestibular cortexeye diseasesElectric StimulationTemporal LobeElectrophysiologymedicine.anatomical_structureNeurologyNeurology (clinical)Vestibule Labyrinthmedicine.symptomPsychologyNeurosciencePsychomotor PerformanceJournal of the neurological sciences
researchProduct