Search results for " tin"
showing 10 items of 164 documents
ITO top-electrodes via industrial-scale PLD for efficient buffer-layer-free semitransparent perovskite solar cells
2022
The deposition of transparent conductive oxides (TCO) usually employs harsh conditions that are frequently harmful to soft/organic underlayers. Herein, successful use of an industrial pulsed laser deposition (PLD) tool to directly deposit indium tin oxide (ITO) films on semitransparent vacuum-deposited perovskite solar cells without damage to the device stack is demonstrated. The morphological, electronic, and optical properties of the PLD deposited ITO films are optimized. A direct relation between the PLD chamber pressure and the solar cell performance is obtained. The semitransparent perovskite solar cells prepared exclusively by vacuum-assisted techniques had fill factors of 78% and exc…
Zinc oxide and indium tin oxide thin films for the growth and characterization ofShewanella loihicaPV-4 electroactive biofilms
2011
Transition metal oxides (TMO) electrodes provide a suitable platform for spectroscopy- and microscopy-based investigation of viable electroactive biofilms (EABs). Commercially available TMOs, such as indium titanium oxide (ITO), are produced from rare and expensive elements. Thus, there is a significant need to explore alternative technology to meet the demand. ZnO-based TMOs are low-cost and have excellent electrochemical properties. In this study, we report for the first time a model EAB of Shewanella loihica PV-4 on ZnO films deposited on perspex substrates via pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Commercially available ITO electrodes were also used for comparison. 480 Virulence Volume 2 Issue…
Attraction of kestrels to vole scent marks visible in ultraviolet light
1995
IN northern Europe, broad four-year oscillations in small rodent and raptor populations are synchronous over hundreds of square kilometers1–6. Crashes in vole populations can induce wide emigration (> 1,000 km) of their predators7 –9, but almost nothing is known about how predators rapidly detect areas of vole abundance. Here we report on laboratory and field experiments on voles (Microtus agrestis) and kestrels (Falco tinnunculus). Voles mark their runaways with urine and faeces, which are visible in ultraviolet light. Wild kestrels brought into captivity were able to detect vole scent marks in ultraviolet light but not in visible light. In the field, kestrels hunted preferentially near ex…
L’audiometria multifrequenziale nello studio degli acufeni
2004
Multifrequency audiometry, using 20 Hz steps between 125 Hz to 800 Hz, studies patients affected by essential tinnitus. Bilateral normal auditive perception, tested using standard audiometers, was not confirmed in all patients analysed using the multifrequency technique. We observed neurosensorial deficit areas between 1040-1100 Hz and between 1920-1960 Hz. These results were integrated with diagnostic imaging and tested coclear nucleus microiscaemic areas and endococlear suffering. The patients who were given medical treatment showed benefits which were confirmed by partial regression of the neurosensorial deficit and tinnitus.
Optical spectroscopy using mass-separated beams: Nuclear properties of unstable indium and tin isotopes
1987
Abstract Collinear fast-beam laser-spectroscopy has been used to measure the hyperfine structure and isotope shift of several indium and tin isotopes. The related experimental techniques are described, including the preparation of mass-separated beams of neutron-deficient indium and tin isotopes at the GSI on-line mass separator following fusion-evaporation reactions. The deviation of the observed dependence of the charge radii upon the neutron number from the expected behaviour is briefly discussed.
Effect of annealing on Zn1−xCoxO thin films prepared by electrodeposition
2009
Polycrystalline thin films of Zn"1"-"xCo"xO with different cobalt (Co) content were grown on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates by cathodic electrodeposition technique and subsequently annealed in air at 400^oC. The effect of annealing in their structural, optical and chemical properties has been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman scattering and optical spectroscopy. Our measurements indicate that moderate annealing increases the crystal quality of the films. The films are highly transparent in the visible range and evidence an increase of the band gap and of the intensity of three typical Co absorptio…
Systematics of Gamow-Teller beta decay “Southeast” of 100Sn
2010
The energy centroids and integrated strengths of Gamow-Teller transitions in the $ \beta^{+}_{}$ and electron-capture decay are analyzed for nuclei whose proton number Z and neutron number N are restricted to 44 $ \leq$ Z $ \leq$ 50 and 50 $ \leq$ N $ \leq$ 58 . The analysis is based on data measured both with high-resolution $ \gamma$ -ray spectrometry and total $ \gamma$ -ray absorption techniques. The dependence of the considered quantities on the relative neutron excess are established after taking into account the effects due to the Coulomb interaction and mean-field level occupancies. An extrapolation of this dependence to the lightest known tin isotopes is used to estimate the decay …
Production of Sn and Sb isotopes in high-energy neutron induced fission of natU
2018
The first systematic measurement of neutron-induced fission yields has been performed at the upgraded IGISOL-4 facility at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland. The fission products from high-energy neutron-induced fission of nat U were stopped in a gas cell filled with helium buffer gas, and were online separated with a dipole magnet. The isobars, with masses in the range A = 128-133 , were transported to a tape-implantation station and identified using γ -spectroscopy. We report here the relative cumulative isotopic yields of tin (Z = 50) and the relative independent isotopic yields of antimony (Z = 51). Isomeric yield ratios were also obtained for five nuclides. The yields of tin show a …
Association between sleep-disordered breathing and hearing disorders: Clinical observation in Sicilian patients
2015
Introduction: To examine the putative association between Sleep-Disordered breathing and hearing disorders Material and methods: 120 Sicilian subjects ranging from 14 to 85 years of age who were divided in 46 cases suffering from tinnitus (G1 group) and 74 controls (G2 group) were evaluated through STOP BANG screening questionnaire and Four-Variable Screening Tool; after Data collecting each subject underwent Audiological assessment by multi-frequency audiometry (PTA) and Transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE-diagnostic) for each ear. Results: Cases showed: PTA significantly severe than the control group (58.70% vs. 16.89% hearing loss; P<0.001), such as a lower signal-to-noise r…
Electrical and photovoltaic properties of indium‐tin‐oxide/p‐InSe/Au solar cells
1987
Conditions for efficiency improvement and optimization in indium‐tin‐oxide/p‐indium‐selenide solar cells are discussed in this paper. This aim is achieved by using low‐resistivity p‐indium‐selenide and by incorporating a back‐surface‐field contact. This contact is insured by a p‐indium selenide/gold barrier whose rectifying behavior is explained through the complex impurity structure of p‐indium‐selenide. Electrical and photovoltaic properties of the cells are also reported. The efficiency parameters under AM1 simulated conditions have been improved up to 32 mA/cm2 for the short‐circuit current density, 0.58 V for the open‐circuit voltage, and 0.63 for the filling factor. As a result, solar…