Search results for " traits"

Longitudinal profiles of mental well-being as correlates of successful aging in middle age

2017

This study analyzed the multidimensional (including emotional, psychological, and social well-being) profiles of mental well-being and their links to various indicators of successful aging (SA; including diseases, cognitive and physical function, and engagement with life). The analyses were based on the Finnish Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development, where the age-cohort participants have been followed from age 8 to 50. Data on 335 participants collected in mid-adulthood were analyzed. Applying Latent Profile Analysis and measures of life satisfaction and psychological well-being at ages 36, 42, and 50 and social well-being at ages 42 and 50, four longitudinal w…

Secular rise in economically valuable personality traits

2017

Although trends in many physical characteristics and cognitive capabilities of modern humans are well-documented, less is known about how personality traits have evolved over time. We analyze data from a standardized personality test administered to 79% of Finnish men born between 1962 and 1976 (n = 419,523) and find steady increases in personality traits that predict higher income in later life. The magnitudes of these trends are similar to the simultaneous increase in cognitive abilities, at 0.2-0.6 SD during the 15-y window. When anchored to earnings, the change in personality traits amounts to a 12% increase. Both personality and cognitive ability have consistent associations with famil…

Functional structure of European forest beetle communities is enhanced by rare species

2022

Biodiverse communities have been shown to sustain high levels of multifunctionality and thus a loss of species likely negatively impacts ecosystem functions. For most taxa, however, roles of individual species are poorly known. Rare species, often most likely to go extinct, may have unique traits and functional roles. Alternatively, rare species may be functionally redundant, such that their loss would not disrupt ecosystem functions. We quantified the functional role of rare species by using captures of wood-living (saproxylic) beetle species, combined with recent databases of morphological and ecological traits, from three regions in central and northern Europe. Using a rarity index based…

Impact of personality on postural control in football players – a pilot study

2018

Wprowadzenie. W porównaniu do innych sportowców, piłkarze są w grupie dyscyplin sportowych o podwyższonym ryzyku kontuzji związanych z utratą równowagi ciała. Jedno z największych wyzwań współczesnego sportu stanowi znalezienie wszystkich czynników, które mogą wpływać na system utrzymywania równowagi ciała zawodników. Rozwój badań nad przewidywaniem i zapobieganiem urazom sportowym powinien być zorientowany na perspektywę biopsychospołeczną. Cel. Eksplorowanie związków między kontrolą równowagi ciała a cechami osobowości Wielkiej Piątki w grupie piłkarzy. Materiały i metody. W badaniu wzięło udział 27 piłkarzy (średnia wieku 35,4±16,9 lat). Do oceny równowagi postawy zastosowano platformę K…

Baltic Journal of Psychology; Volume 17, Number 1&2

2016

Gray Matter Changes in the Orbitofrontal-Paralimbic Cortex in Male Youths With Non-comorbid Conduct Disorder

2020

Conduct disorder is one of the most common developmental psychiatric disorders which is characterized by persistent aggressive and antisocial behaviors during childhood or adolescence. Previous neuroimaging studies have investigated the neural correlates underlying CD and demonstrated several constructive findings. However, Individuals with CD are at high risk for comorbidities, which might give rise to the inconsistencies of existed findings. It remains unclear which neuroanatomical abnormalities are specifically related to CD without comorbidities. Using structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data of 69 CD and 69 typically developing (TD) male youths (aged 14-17 years), the present …

cis-regulatory variation modulates susceptibility to enteric infection in the Drosophila genetic reference panel

2020

Abstract Background Resistance to enteric pathogens is a complex trait at the crossroads of multiple biological processes. We have previously shown in the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) that resistance to infection is highly heritable, but our understanding of how the effects of genetic variants affect different molecular mechanisms to determine gut immunocompetence is still limited. Results To address this, we perform a systems genetics analysis of the gut transcriptomes from 38 DGRP lines that were orally infected with Pseudomonas entomophila. We identify a large number of condition-specific, expression quantitative trait loci (local-eQTLs) with infection-specific ones located …

“Plain Language: New perspectives and recent outcomes in European and International arena”.

2014

This EJLR issue on “Plain Language: New perspectives and recent outcomes in European and International arena” draws its plain language reform data from the United Kingdom, Italy, the European Union, Australia, Pakistan, and the international context. The focus of investigation is centrally on the analysis of discourse (very broadly construed to include lexico-grammatical analyses as well as generic and textual analyses) but with the analyses cited in particular contexts (legal, national, and international). These issues are examined in a more detailed form in the contributions to this volume, which focus on the legal, linguistic, and cultural aspects of plain language discourse in different…

Do large‐scale associations in birds imply biotic interactions or environmental filtering?

2023

Aim There has been a wide interest in the effect of biotic interactions on species' occurrences and abundances at large spatial scales, coupled with a vast development of the statistical methods to study them. Still, evidence for whether the effects of within-trophic-level biotic interactions (e.g. competition and heterospecific attraction) are discernible beyond local scales remains inconsistent. Here, we present a novel hypothesis-testing framework based on joint dynamic species distribution models and functional trait similarity to dissect between environmental filtering and biotic interactions. Location France and Finland. Taxon Birds. Methods We estimated species-to-species association…

Species distributions models may predict accurately future distributions but poorly how distributions change: A critical perspective on model validat…

2023

Aim: Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used to make predictions on how species distributions may change as a response to climatic change. To assess the reliability of those predictions, they need to be critically validated with respect to what they are used for. While ecologists are typically interested in how and where distributions will change, we argue that SDMs have seldom been evaluated in terms of their capacity to predict such change. Instead, typical retrospective validation methods estimate model's ability to predict to only one static time in future. Here, we apply two validation methods, one that predicts and evaluates a static pattern, while the other measures change…