Search results for " tumor"

Removal of primary tumor improves survival in metastatic breast cancer. Does timing of surgery influence outcomes?

2010

Resection of intact primary tumor is controversial in metastatic breast cancer patients. The aim of this study is to review the impact of surgical resection of primary tumor on overall survival and to assess the role of timing of surgery on survival rates.208 patients with metastatic breast cancer diagnosed between 1982 and 2005 in the Hospital Clinico of Valencia (Spain) were analysed. Exclusion criteria were age80, PS 3-4, Charlson score 3 or follow-up90 days. 123 of these underwent surgery and 85 did not. In order to assess the role of timing, the "surgery" cohort was divided into two sub-groups: "before" (n = 78) or "after" (n = 45) diagnosis of disseminated disease.In the surgery group…

Stress hormones promote growth of B16-F10 melanoma metastases: an interleukin 6- and glutathione-dependent mechanism

2013

[EN] Background: Interleukin (IL)-6 (mainly of tumor origin) activates glutathione (GSH) release from hepatocytes and its interorgan transport to B16-F10 melanoma metastatic foci. We studied if this capacity to overproduce IL-6 is regulated by cancer cell-independent mechanisms. Methods: Murine B16-F10 melanoma cells were cultured, transfected with red fluorescent protein, injected i.v. into syngenic C57BL/6J mice to generate lung and liver metastases, and isolated from metastatic foci using high-performance cell sorting. Stress hormones and IL-6 levels were measured by ELISA, and CRH expression in the brain by in situ hybridization. DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B, CREB, AP-1, and NF-IL…

Loss of a novel tumor suppressor gene locus at chromosome 8p is associated with leukemic mantle cell lymphoma

2001

Abstract Patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) may present with either nodal or leukemic disease. The molecular determinants underlying this different biologic behavior are not known. This study compared the pattern of genetic abnormalities in patients with nodal and leukemic phases of MCL using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for specific gene loci. Although both leukemic and nodal MCL showed similar genomic patterns of losses (involving 6q, 11q22-q23, 13q14, and 17p13) and gains (affecting 3q and 8q), genomic loss of chromosome 8p occurred more frequently in patients with leukemic disease (79% versus 11%,P < .001). Subsequent…

The "spoke wheel" sign in mesenteric carcinoid.

2019

Sentinel lymph node imaging in urologic oncology

2018

Lymph node (LN) metastases in urological malignancies correlate with poor oncological outcomes. Accurate LN staging is of great importance since patients can benefit from an optimal staging, accordingly aligned therapy and more radical treatments. Current conventional cross-sectional imaging modalities [e.g., computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)] are not accurate enough to reliably detect early LN metastases as they rely on size criteria. Radical lymphadenectomy, the surgical removal of regional LNs, is the gold standard of invasive LN staging. The LN dissection is guided by anatomic considerations of lymphatic drainage pathways of the primary tumor. Selection of pa…

Treatment of early childhood medulloblastoma by postoperative chemotherapy alone.

2005

The prognosis for young children with medulloblastoma is poor, and survivors are at high risk for cognitive deficits. We conducted a trial of the treatment of this brain tumor by intensive postoperative chemotherapy alone.After surgery, children received three cycles of intravenous chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate, carboplatin, and etoposide) and intraventricular methotrexate. Treatment was terminated if a complete remission was achieved. Leukoencephalopathy and cognitive deficits were evaluated.Forty-three children were treated according to protocol. In children who had complete resection (17 patients), residual tumor (14), and macroscopic metastases (12), the five…

Chemosensory signalling pathways involved in sensing of amino acids by the ghrelin cell

2015

AbstractTaste receptors on enteroendocrine cells sense nutrients and transmit signals that control gut hormone release. This study aimed to investigate the amino acid (AA) sensing mechanisms of the ghrelin cell in a gastric ghrelinoma cell line, tissue segments and mice. Peptone and specific classes of amino acids stimulate ghrelin secretion in the ghrelinoma cell line. Sensing of L-Phe occurs via the CaSR, monosodium glutamate via the TAS1R1-TAS1R3 while L-Ala and peptone act via 2 different amino acid taste receptors: CaSR & TAS1R1-TAS1R3 and CaSR & GPRC6A, respectively. The stimulatory effect of peptone on ghrelin release was mimicked ex vivo in gastric but not in jejunal tissue …

Investigational agents for Crohn's disease.

2010

IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD: Increased understanding of the biological mechanisms of Crohn's disease has opened the door to a large number of new molecules; some of these are approved for clinical use, while others remain under evaluation. In this review, we examine the clinical efficacy of all the new drugs that have been evaluated in controlled trials in the last 12 years. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW: Anti-TNF therapy has been reviewed briefly, given the many comprehensive reviews on this topic; attention is focused mainly on the other biological therapies. In assessing the clinical efficacy of these molecules, we consider only the remission rate, as this is considered the most meaningful en…

Markers for gastric cancer premalignant lesions: where do we go?

2012

Only a small proportion of patients infected with <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> develop gastric cancer during their lifetime. At the same time, this type of cancer remains an important cause of mortality globally. The current interventional strategies have not been successful in decreasing the global burden of the disease; therefore, biomarkers for the identification of the individuals at high risk as well as those in the early stage of the disease is of high importance. In addition, predicting the point of no return for the development of the malignancy is of particular interest; whether atrophy, intestinal or spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia, or some of their subtype…

The Effect of Dexamethasone on Water and Electrolyte Content and on rCBF in Perifocal Brain Edema in Man

1972

The results of clinical studies are reported dealing with the relationship between cerebral edema and regional cerebral blood flow in patients with brain tumor as well as with the effect of dexamethasone on this relationship. rCBF is found to be significantly reduced in brain tissue surrounding brain tumors. Autoregulation as well as cerebrovascular reactivity to PaCO2 is focally or generally impaired. Water content of perifocal white matter is markedly increased. The combination of tissue lactacidosis, low regional blood flow and vasoparalysis seems to be a characteristic finding in this type of local brain edema. The increased local tissue pressure, due to the increased tissue water conte…