Search results for " unemployment"
showing 10 items of 75 documents
Equal Pay for a Green Future
2020
In the present chapter, challenges to our growth-driven political-economic model are identified—including lethal economic inequality, growing unrest, technological unemployment in an era of robotization and artificial intelligence (AI), and limits to growth at a time of environmental and climatic collapse. The author is hesitant to offer a “yes” or “no” answer to the question of equal pay, suggesting instead that the answer hinges on time and context. In a future world of limited material resources, where jobs are increasingly automated and substituted by AI algorithms, the legitimacy of inequality-producing incentives for the main exploiters of resources and robots will erode. At a time wh…
La disoccupazione in Italia fra le due guerre mondiali
2019
At the end of the 1920s the reduction of unemployment represented one of the goal of the fascist regime. To achieve this goal the state should have produced a reliable statistical information, and it should have dealt also with the placement, the execution of public works, the reclamation and especially the battle for ruralization. The target was not achieved: despite the proclamations and the announcements, until the mid-1930s the fascist economic policy did not improve neither the workers’ conditions nor the levels of employment. As shown by official data, unemployment regularly increased between 1925 and 1933. This statistical information is not completely reliable, as confirmed by a deb…
Fair Wages and Unemployment in a Small Open Economy
2006
In this paper we develop a model of a multi-sector multi-factor small open economy with involuntary unemployment due to fair wages. The model is used inter alia to analyse the labour market effects of changes in unemployment benefits and the domestic labour supply. Our analysis covers both the case where factor prices do not react to endowment changes - as in the Heckscher-Ohlin model - and the case where they do. Results are sensitive to this distinction, thereby emphasizing the benefit of employing a general production structure that encompasses both cases.
Regional labor markets in Finland: Adjustment to total versus region-specific shocks
2005
This article analyses regional labor market adjustment in the Finnish provinces during 1976-2000. We investigate the inter-relations of employment, unemployment, labor force participation, and migration to see how a change in region-specific and total labor demand is adjusted. The analysis reveals that region-specific labor demand shocks adjust mainly via participation, whereas total shocks are adjusted by unemployment. The region-specific component of labor demand shock has shorter-lived effects on unemployment and participation, but its effect on employment is permanent. Conversely, total shocks leave no permanent effect. Migration is more important in the region-specific case where, afte…
Unemployment and the Earnings Structure in Latvia
2005
Latvia has recorded sustained GDP and productivity growth since 1997. Yet unemployment rates, despite gradual decrease, have remained high. The paper explores the mysteries of unemployment in Latvia. It analyzes labor flows between employment, unemployment, and nonparticipation and finds the following results: The type of education and the region of residence appear to be the most important determinants of success in finding jobs by the unemployed. The unemployed from ethnic minorities have lower chances to find a job within a year, other things equal, while the difference between genders is not significant. However, neither ethnicity nor gender seems to matter as far as the transition from…
Youth Unemployment in Romania: Post-crisis Challenges
2014
Abstract This article reviews the dynamics of the Romanian youth labour market between 2007 and 2013. Using total unemployment rate as benchmarking we describe the dynamics of youth unemployment during these years. We argue that the short time effects of the crisis on youth unemployment are just one side of the problem. The long term effects related to education and migration trends are the main challenges that labour market policies should address in the near future.
Promoting youth entrepreneurship and employability through non-formal and informal learning: the Latvia case
2019
This paper presents some results of the research on ‘Adult education resources to reduce youth unemployment’, which is a part of the project ‘Implementation of the European agenda for adult learning’. The research applies a mixed-method approach (quantitative and qualitative data analysis). The purpose of the paper is to identify the most/least-efficient non-formal and informal learning methods, forms, and initiatives to promote youth entrepreneurship and employability in Latvia as well as to show the relationship between the profile of young adults and their opinion on these methods, forms, and initiatives. The findings show that the young adults stressed the importance of cooperation with…
Selection into long-term unemployment and its psychological consequences
2000
The factors which predict a person’s long-term unemployment were studied within the framework of an emotional and behavioural regulation model consisting of two orthogonal dimensions: behavioural inhibition versus expression, and low versus high self-control of emotions (Pulkkinen, 1995, 1996). The participants were drawn from the ongoing Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development, in which the same individuals have been followed up from age 8 ( n = 369) to 36 ( n = 311). In the present study, data collected at ages 8, 14, 27, and 36 were used. The findings showed that low self-control of emotions, especially aggression, at age 8 directly predicted long-term unemplo…
The Unemployment Issue
2012
This timely book uses cutting-edge research to analyse the fundamental causes of economic and financial crises, and illustrates the macroeconomic foundations required for future economic policymaking in order to avoid these crises.
Matching inefficiencies, regional disparities and unemployment
2009
. In this paper we apply a stochastic frontier approach to examine how matching inefficiencies and regional disparities in structural factors contribute to regional and aggregate unemployment. Our results suggest that there would be a substantial decline in aggregate unemployment if (i) all local labour offices operated with full efficiency or (ii) they shared the same structure of job seekers and vacant jobs as the most favourable office. In the former case an increase in hirings would lower the average unemployment rate by 2.4 percentage points. In the latter case the decrease would be 1.4 percentage points. Further, we find that fixed effects are positively correlated with both a more f…