Search results for " vaccine"
showing 10 items of 680 documents
Management of infections pre- and post-liver transplantation: Report of an AISF consensus conference
2014
SummaryThe burden of infectious diseases both before and after liver transplantation is clearly attributable to the dysfunction of defensive mechanisms of the host, both as a result of cirrhosis, as well as the use of immunosuppressive agents.The present document represents the recommendations of an expert panel commended by the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF), on the prevention and management of infectious complications excluding hepatitis B, D, C, and HIV in the setting of liver transplantation.Due to a decreased response to vaccinations in cirrhosis as well as within the first six months after transplantation, the best timing for immunization is likely before transp…
Prevalence of unwillingness and uncertainty to vaccinate against COVID-19 in older people: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
2021
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been shown to have more severe health outcomes in older people specifically in relation to mortality and disability. Vaccination seems to be efficacious and safe for preventing the negative consequences of COVID-19, but vaccine hesitancy seems to be high in older adults. We therefore aimed to investigate the prevalence of unwillingness and the uncertainty to vaccinate against COVID-19 in older people and the factors that can be associated with the unwillingness to vaccinate. For this work, we searched several databases until 18th June 2021 for studies reporting the prevalence of unwillingness and the uncertainty to vaccinate against COVID-19 in pe…
[Vaccination against papillomavirus : arguments and evidence of effectiveness].
2020
Vaccination against papillomavirus: arguments and evidence of effectiveness. Vaccination against human papillomavirus is a major advance in the prevention of cervical cancer. Evidence of its effectiveness has accumulated over the past thirty years since basic research has demonstrated the ability of viral pseudoparticles to induce immune responses in animals. Large human clinical trials followed to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of vaccination against targeted HPV infections and their associated lesions. After its approval and marketing the vaccine efficacy was measured at the level of entire populations, confirming its effectiveness and medical interest. Today, models predict a possib…
Systemic RNA delivery to dendritic cells exploits antiviral defence for cancer immunotherapy
2016
Lymphoid organs, in which antigen presenting cells (APCs) are in close proximity to T cells, are the ideal microenvironment for efficient priming and amplification of T-cell responses. However, the systemic delivery of vaccine antigens into dendritic cells (DCs) is hampered by various technical challenges. Here we show that DCs can be targeted precisely and effectively in vivo using intravenously administered RNA-lipoplexes (RNA-LPX) based on well-known lipid carriers by optimally adjusting net charge, without the need for functionalization of particles with molecular ligands. The LPX protects RNA from extracellular ribonucleases and mediates its efficient uptake and expression of the encod…
Mandatory vaccinations in European countries, undocumented information, false news and the impact on vaccination uptake: the position of the Italian …
2018
Abstract Background High rates of vaccination coverage are important in preventing infectious diseases. Enforcing mandatory vaccinations is one of the strategies that some Countries adopted to protect the community when vaccination coverage is not satisfactory. In Italy, in 2017 vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, poliovirus, Haemophilus influenzae type b, measles, mumps, rubella and varicella became compulsory in childhood. In order to contrast vaccination policies, anti-vaccination campaigns contribute to the spread of fake news. Among them, there is the false information that Italy is the only one country with mandatory vaccination policy. Aim of our study is…
Trends of influenza B during the 2010–2016 seasons in 2 regions of north and south Italy: The impact of the vaccine mismatch on influenza immunisatio…
2017
Influenza A and B viruses are responsible for respiratory infections, representing globally seasonal threats to human health. The 2 viral types often co-circulate and influenza B plays an important role in the spread of infection. A 6-year retrospective surveillance study was conducted between 2010 and 2016 in 2 large administrative regions of Italy, located in the north (Liguria) and in the south (Sicily) of the country, to describe the burden and epidemiology of both B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineages in different healthcare settings. Influenza B viruses were detected in 5 of 6 seasonal outbreaks, exceeding influenza A during the season 2012–2013. Most of influenza B infections were found…
Pediatric routine vaccinations in the COVID 19 lockdown period: the survey of the Italian Pediatric Society
2021
Abstract Background COVID-19 pandemic was responsible for disrupting routine immunization activities all over the world. Aim of the study was to investigate the reduced adherence to the national children vaccination schedule during the lockdown period in Italy. Materials and methods Through social channels, the Italian Pediatric Society conducted a survey among Italian families on children vaccination during lockdown period. Results In the study period, 1474 responders were collected. More than one third (34%) of them skipped the vaccine appointment as they were afraid of SARS-CoV-2-virus (44%), vaccination services postponed the appointment (42%) or was closed to public (13%). Discussion R…
Incidence rates of narcolepsy diagnoses in Taiwan, Canada, and Europe: The use of statistical simulation to evaluate methods for the rapid assessment…
2018
Vacunación; Narcolepsia; Simulación y modelado: en Vacunació; Narcolèpsia; Simulació i modelització Vaccination; Narcolepsy; Simulation and modeling Background & objectives Vaccine safety signals require investigation, which may be done rapidly at the population level using ecological studies, before embarking on hypothesis-testing studies. Incidence rates were used to assess a signal of narcolepsy following AS03-adjuvanted monovalent pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza vaccination among children and adolescents in Sweden and Finland in 2010. We explored the utility of ecological data to assess incidence of narcolepsy following exposure to pandemic H1N1 virus or vaccination in 10 sites that use…
Immunogenicity of a single dose of reduced-antigen acellular pertussis vaccine in a non-vaccinated adolescent population.
2005
Abstract German adolescents ( n = 123) without previous pertussis vaccination, no history of pertussis and low IgG-anti-pertussis-toxin (PT) levels received one dose of the Tdap vaccine Boostrix™. Blood samples were taken before, and 5–12 days and 29–49 days after vaccination. IgG- and IgA-anti-PT, IgG- and IgA-anti filamentous hemagglutinin, IgG-anti-pertactin, IgG-anti-tetanus-toxin, and IgG-anti-diphtheria-toxin were measured by ELISA. 88.6% of subjects had an immune response to PT, and all vaccinees had an immune response to at least one pertussis antigen 29–49 days after vaccination. IgA-anti-PT and IgA-anti-FHA responses were found in 43 and 81% of subjects, respectively. This study …
Immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in older residents of a long-term care facility: relation with age, frailty and prior infection …
2021
Clinical and biological assessment of the COVID-19 vaccine efficacy in the frail population is of crucial importance. The study focuses on measuring the levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies before and after BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination among long-term care facility (LTCF) elderly residents. We conducted a prospective, single-center, observational study among LTCF residents. The study protocol was based on three blood sample acquisitions: first taken at baseline—5 days before the first dose of the vaccine, second—20 days after the first dose, and third—12 days after the second shot of the vaccine. The comparison was made for two cohorts: patients with and without prior COVID-19 inf…