Search results for " venous"

Abnormalities of the umbilico-portal venous system in Down syndrome: A report of two new patients

2003

Congenital anomalies of the umbilical and portal venous system are rare vascular malformations which are often associated with anomalies of the heart and gastrointestinal tract. Association with chromosomal disorders has been sporadically reported. We now report on two patients with trisomy 21 and congenital anomalies of the umbilico-portal system. A male fetus showed absence of the intrahepatic portal vein (PV) and ductus venosus with a direct communication between portal sinus and inferior vena cava exhibiting an umbilicosystemic total shunt during the fetal life and a portosystemic total shunt after birth. A female infant showed absence of the intrahepatic PV and a total portocaval shunt…

Very Early Presentation of Extrahepatic Portal Vein Obstruction Causing Portal Hypertension in an Infant: Uncertainties in the Management and Therape…

2016

Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction, although rare in children, is a significant cause of portal hypertension (PHT) leading to life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding in the pediatric age group. PHT may also lead to other complications such as hyperesplenism, cholangyopathy, ascites, and even hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension that may require organ transplantation. Herein we report the case of an asymptomatic 11-month-old infant wherein a hepatomegaly and cavernous transformation of the portal vein was detected by liver ultrasound. Neither signs of thrombosis in arteriovenous system, nor affectation of biliary tract were identified in the magnetic resonance imagin…

Home Parenteral Nutrition

2012

Parenteral nutrition (PN) involves the administration of fluids and nutrients using routes other than the gut, although usually involves central venous catheters (CVC). Home PN (HPN) refers to instances where this nutritional support is administered in the patient's home. Although this form of treatment is expensive and complex, it facilitates patients’ social rehabilitation, returning them to their home environment, reducing healthcare costs, and improving quality of life (QoL). Pediatric patients present specific technical characteristics, as not only should a proper nutritional status be maintained, but also optimal growth and development.

The Impact of Venous Pressure on FFR: Do Diuretics Affect FFR?

2016

Central venous pressure influences FFR measurements because it decreases the perfusion gradient distal to the stenosis proportionally more than it does proximal to it. The impact of central venous pressure is minimal for normal pressure values and for FFR values away from the threshold. However, in conditions where FFR is close to 0.80 and central venous pressure is high, it might play an important role in reclassifying stenoses from not relevant to relevant.

ICP- and IOP-Effects of Deliberate Hypotension Using Urapidil

1989

Deliberate hypotension is an accepted method to facilitate certain neurosurgical and intraocular procedures. The rationale is to reduce transmural pressure on arterial vessels and thus to facilitate preparation of cerebrovascular aneurysms and malfunctions — or in ophthalmology to reduce the risk of expulsive bleeding (Jantzen and Earnshaw 1988).

Parenteral Nutrition in Infants and Children

2012

Parenteral nutrition (PN) is the technique of artificial nutrition (AN) that provides the human organism with fluids, energy, and nutrients, which go directly to the circulatory system through the venous network. The main aim of AN is to recover or maintain the nutritional status, enhancing the optimal growing and development of the child. Additionally, in some cases AN enables to control the underlying disease of the patient [1, 2].

Biophysics of venous return from the brain from the perspective of the pathophysiology of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency

2011

This article discusses the biophysical aspects of venous outflow from the brain in healthy individuals and in patients with chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency. Blood flows out of the brain differently, depending on body position. In the supine position it flows out mainly through internal jugular veins, while in the upright position it uses the vertebral veins. This phenomenon is probably not due to the active regulation of the flow but instead results from the collapse of jugular veins when the head is elevated. Such a collapse is associated with a significant increase in flow resistance, which leads to redirection of the flow towards the vertebral pathway. Theoretical calculations…

Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and multiple sclerosis: A commentary

2010

Clinical conditions responsible for hyperviscosity and skin ulcers complications

2017

In this brief review, we have examined some clinical conditions that result to be associated to an altered hemorheological profile and at times accompanied by skin ulcers. This skin condition may be observed in patients with the following condtions, such as primary polycythemic hyperviscosity (polycythemia, thrombocytemia) treated with hydroxyurea, primary plasma hyperviscosity (multiple myeloma, cryoglobulinemia, cryofibrinogenemia, dysfibrinogenemia, and connective tissue diseases), primary sclerocythemic hyperviscosity (hereditary spherocytosis, thalassemia, and sickle cell disease). In addition, it may be present in patients with secondary hyperviscosity conditions such as diabetes mell…

Peripheral Intravenous Access in Preterm Neonates during Postnatal Stabilization: Feasibility and Safety

2017

Background Current European Guideline for resuscitation recommends a centrally positioned umbilical venous catheter as the best option for administering necessary drugs. Especially in preterm infants, a frequently used alternative is the peripheral venous catheter. Methods Two randomized controlled studies were conducted at the Division of Neonatology, Medical University of Graz. During neonatal resuscitation, a standardized protocol was filled out by an uninvolved observer including time points after birth of all attempts of venous puncture, time point of successful venous puncture, and total number of needed attempts. Arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) were measured usi…