Search results for " yield"

Ethnographic context and spatial coherence of climate indicators for farming communities : a multi-regional comparative assessment

2015

Accurate seasonal predictions of rainfall may reduce climatic risks that farmers are usually faced with across the tropical and subtropical zones. However, although regional-scale seasonal amounts have regularly been forecasted since 1997/98, the practical use of these seasonal predictions is still limited by myriad factors. This paper synthesizes the main resultsof a multi-disciplinary ethnographic and climatic project (PICREVAT). Its main objective was to seek the climatic information ? beyond the seasonal amounts ? critical for crops, both as an actual constraint to crop yields and as identified by the current and past practices and perceptions of farmers. A second goal was to confront t…

Effects of traditional and light pruning on viticultural and oenological performance of bobal and tempranillo vineyards

2015

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aim</strong>: Light pruning may improve vine yield and quality although vineyard responses are variable. We assessed the effects of traditional manual pruning and mechanical light pruning on the viticultural and oenological performance of <em>Vitis vinifera </em>cv. Bobal and cv. Tempranillo.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: During 2008-2011, Bobal and Tempranillo vineyards underwent traditional pruning or light pruning. The effects of both pruning techniques were determined in vine vigour and yield, and grape and wine characteristics. Both cultivars responde…

Richard von Mises’ work for ZAMM until his emigration in 1933 and glimpses of the later history of ZAMM

2020

Optical properties of TiO2 suspensions: Influence of pH and powder concentration on mean particle size

2007

WOS: 000250584100025

Effects of particle clustering on the plastic deformation and damage initiation of particulate reinforced composite utilizing X-ray CT data and finit…

2018

In this paper, a new simulation technique which can include microstructural inhomogeneity of particulate reinforced composites is proposed to accurately study deformation pattern and damage mechanism in these composites. Three dimensional microstructures constructed from XCT images incorporated into finite element modeling codes with minimal approximation to capture the effects of cluster size, local volume fraction of particles in the cluster and the distance between clusters as relevant statistical quantities describing the microstructural inhomogeneity of particulate reinforced composites. A quantitative parameter as degree of clustering is defined to consider particle clustering effect.…

SMAP Multi-Temporal vegetation optical depth retrieval as an indicator of crop yield trends and crop composition

2017

Vegetation Optical Depth (VOD) is related to Vegetation Water Content (VWC). This provides new and highly valuable information for ecological and agricultural studies. In this work, VOD from the Soil Moisture Active-Passive (SMAP) satellite has been retrieved with the new Multi-Temporal Dual-Channel Algorithm (MT-DCA). Then, it has been applied to the study of crop yield trends and crop composition. The increase on VOD (¿VOD) during crop development has been compared to yield data in two selected regions located in the United States. The first region presents a heterogeneous crop composition and weak ¿VOD-yield relationship (r2=0.21). The second region presents a highly homogenous cover and…

Reduced herbicide use does not increase crop yield loss if it is compensated by alternative preventive and curative measures

2018

Herbicide use must be reduced because of environmental and health issues. This raises the question of whether weeds and the resulting crop yield loss will increase. Previous studies analysing relationships between herbicide use intensity, weeds and yield loss suffer from methodological shortcomings in terms of weed flora and farm diversity as well as temporal scales. Here, we collected data on 272 arable cropping systems from one Spanish and six French regions, from farm surveys, the Biovigilance-Flore network, expert opinion, cropping system trials, crop advisors and scientists. Each system was simulated over 27 years and with 10 weather repetitions, using the virtual-field model FlorSys. …

Peut-on réduire les herbicides sans perdre de rendement ?

2019

Afin de concevoir des systèmes agricoles durables et économes en herbicides, il est indispensable de comprendre les relations entre usage d'herbicides, niveau d’infestation par les adventices et pertes de rendement. Comme les agriculteurs raisonnent l'utilisation des herbicides en fonction de la flore et de leurs autres pratiques (ex. travail du sol, date de semis, rotation), il est difficile d'évaluer ces relations directement en parcelles agricoles, tant les possibilités sont nombreuses. Notre étude a donc choisi de traiter la question via l’utilisation d’un modèle de simulation. Nous avons collecté et simulé 272 systèmes de culture d'agriculteurs de sept régions avec la flore adventice t…

Agronomy and climatology of a 100 000 km² watershed in West Africa.

2011

7 pages; International audience; Sahelian regions are considered as particularly vulnerable to climatic variability and change for two reasons: the dominant role of rainfed agriculture in their economies and their weakness of water resources management. The physiological response of an individual plant to the climatic variations of parameters is well documented, but extrapolation to regional food production still remains very dubious. On the Bani, a tributary of the Niger River in Mali, climatic variables representative of the agroclimatic constraints of the cultures (dynamics of the rainy season and occurrence of extreme events) were evaluated from observed past data and simulated future d…

Erosion des sols du Cap Vert : processus et quantification à l'échelle de trois Bassins Versants de l'île de Santiago

2010

The archipelago of Cape Verde comprises 10 volcanic islands and belongs to the Sahelian zone stretching from the Atlantic to the Red Sea. Since several decades, Cape Verde is affected by desertification caused largely by climatic recession and soil erosion. These factors, coupled with high population pressure on resources, rugged topography and torrential tropical rains, cause serious losses of lands. However, since its independence in 1975, the Government conducted an extensive program of afforestation, soil and water conservation. Nevertheless very little research has been conducted to evaluate the actions of protection and conservation of soil and water. Therefore, there is no data on th…