Search results for " zero"
showing 10 items of 1421 documents
Variable impacts of enchytraeid worms and ectomycorrhizal fungi on plant growth in raw humus soil treated with wood ash
2007
Abstract An increasing amount of evidence shows the context dependent nature of various biotic interactions across terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. We established a laboratory experiment to study whether the effects of Cognettia sphagnetorum (Enchytraeidae) and ectomycorrhizal fungi on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedling growth are influenced by wood ash application. Acidic coniferous forest soil was treated with wood ash at 5000 kg ha−1 or left as ash-free control and inoculated with soil saprotrophic microbes and nematodes. The microcosms were destructively sampled 26 and 51 weeks after initiation of the experiment. We measured enchytraeid and pine seedling biomass, abundance of nem…
New national and regional bryophyte records, 66
2021
a The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK; b Department of Plant and Animal Production, Munzur University, Vocational School of Tunceli, Tunceli, Turkey; c International School of Advanced Studies, University of Camerino, Camerino (MC), Italy; d Grupo de Investigación Biología para la Conservación, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Colombia; e Botanical Survey of India, Central National Herbarium, Howrah, India; f Botanical Garden-Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Vladivostok, Russia; g Viale Rovereto, Trento, Italy; h Department of Botany, Kherson State University, Kherson, Ukraine; i Kherson Branch of Admiral Makarov University, Kherson, Ukraine…
Cover crop differentially affects arthropods, but not diseases, occurring on grape leaves in vineyards
2017
Background and Aims Cover crop has become a common management practice in viticulture. It improves the structure and protects the soil, enhances natural enemy populations and also reduces the vigour of the vine. Here, we investigated the effect of cover crop in vineyards on grapevine diseases and arthropods present on leaves. Methods and Results We measured the presence of the pathogens Plasmopara viticola, Uncinula necator and Guignardia bidwellii and monitored six common beneficial/pest arthropods: Panonychus ulmi, Orthotydeus lambi, Typhlodromus pyri, Scaphoideus titanus and Phalangium opilio in vineyards with cover crop or bare soil in 2014 and 2015. The density of the two pests P. ulmi…
Microencapsulation of healthier oils to enhance the physicochemical and nutritional properties of deer pâté
2020
The influence of pork backfat substitution by microencapsulated healthier oils on physicochemical and nutritional properties of deer pate was assessed. Four different treatments were elaborated: control with 100% of pork backfat and the other ones with 50% of pork backfat was replaced by microencapsulated oils (tigernut, chia and linseed oils). These fat replacements were accompanied by a significant (P lt 0.001) decrease in fat and cholesterol contents. The inclusion of vegetable oils resulted in a significant (P lt 0.001) modification of colour parameters, being tigernut batches which presented the highest redness and yellowness values. Moreover, softer textures were observed in reformula…
Editorial: Exploring Plant Rhizosphere, Phyllosphere and Endosphere Microbial Communities to Improve the Management of Polluted Sites
2021
International audience
The Bonobo-DialiumPositive Interactions: Seed Dispersal Mutualism
2013
A positive interaction is any interaction between individuals of the same or different species (mutualism) that provides a benefit to both partners such as increased fitness. Here we focus on seed dispersal mutualism between an animal (bonobo, Pan paniscus) and a plant (velvet tamarind trees, Dialium spp.). In the LuiKotale rainforest southwest of Salonga National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo, seven species of the genus Dialium account for 29.3% of all trees. Dialium is thus the dominant genus in this forest. Dialium fruits make up a large proportion of the diet of a habituated bonobo community in this forest. During the 6 months of the fruiting season, more than half of the bonobos' …
Absorption, translocation and metabolism of pyridate in a tolerant crop (Zea mays) and two susceptible weeds (Polygonum lapathifolium L. and Chenopod…
1988
Summary Absorption, translocation and metabolism of 14C-pyridate were compared in tolerant maize. moderately susceptible Polygonum lapathifolium and susceptible Chenopodium album. Foliar absorption was limited in all species, but comparatively higher penetration levels were observed in younger leaves of dicotyledonous species. The absorbed radioactivity was not very mobile and translocation appeared mainly sym-plastic. Herbicide selectivity could not be explained on the basis of absorption and transport. Chenopodium and P. lapathifolium degraded pyridate and formed unstable water-soluble conjugates that easily released a phytotoxic metabolite. By contrast, more stable unidentified water-sol…
Population Persistence and Offspring Fitness in the Rare Bellflower Campanula Cervicaria in Relation to Population Size and Habitat Quality
2000
Data from several animal species and a few plant species indicate that small populations face an elevated risk of extinction. Plants are still underrepresented in these studies concerning the relation between population size and persistence. We studied the effect of population size on persistence among natural popu- lations of the rare bellflower Campanula cervicaria in Finland. We monitored 52 bellflower populations for 8 years and found that the mean population size decreased from 24 to 14 during this period. Small popula- tions with # 5 individuals were more prone to losing all fertile plants than were larger ones. Reduction in population size was nevertheless unrelated to the degree of …
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and micropropagation of high value crops
2002
Micropropagation has established its position as a way of propagating large numbers of uniform plants. For some plant species that are difficult to propagate by seeds or by conventional cuttings, this technique provides the only possible way of producing high quality plants. Micropropagation is widely used for propagation of high value crops like ornamentals, fruits, vegetables, plantation crops and spices (Vestberg and Estaun 1994). The micropropagation industry was growing fast in Europe up to 1992 (O’Riordain 1992) but after that the micropropagation industry seems to have stabilized its position although a slight increase in production of microplants was still recorded for the period 19…
Prevention of Fusarium head blight infection and mycotoxins in wheat with cut-and-carry biofumigation and botanicals
2020
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating fungal disease of wheat worldwide causing yield losses and grain contamination with mycotoxins that jeopardise food and feed safety. Field experiments using mulch layers or botanicals were conducted in two consecutive years to investigate prevention measures with the potential to suppress FHB and reduce mycotoxins in wheat. We simulated a system with high disease pressure, i.e. maize-wheat rotation under no-tillage, by applying maize residues artificially inoculated with Fusarium graminearum in field plots after wheat sowing. For mulch layers, a novel cut-and-carry biofumigation approach was employed. Cover crops grown in separate fields were harv…