Search results for "050103 clinical psychology"
showing 10 items of 510 documents
Stress and Psychological Distress in Emerging Adulthood: A Gender Analysis
2020
Emerging adulthood is a critical period of life that entails many life transitions in living arrangements, relationships, education and employment, which can generate stress and psychological distress in the emerging adult. The aim of the present study was to assess the relevance of stress, coping styles, self-esteem and perceived social support in the distress of emerging adult women and men. The sample consists of 4816 people (50% females) from the Spanish general population, ranging in age from 18 to 29 years old. All participants were assessed through questionnaires and scales that assess psychological distress, stress, coping styles, self-esteem and social support. Women scored higher …
Does religiosity ameliorate the negative impact of obsessive-compulsive disorder on self-esteem?
2018
ABSTRACTA core issue in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is the fear of losing control. Religion may help individuals with OCD to maintain their self-esteem despite the challenge of coping with the unpredictability of life. Data of N = 200 OCD outpatients were assessed via questionnaires at five government hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan. As predicted, high OCD significantly correlated with low self-esteem (r = −.20), and high religiosity was associated with high self-esteem (r = .18). Against the hypothesis, mediation analyses did not reveal an indirect effect of OCD on self-esteem via religiosity (b = −.02, p > .01), and OCD was associated with lowered religiosity (r = −.20). Sample char…
Don't Think That Kids Aren't Noticing: Indirect Pathways to Children's Fear of COVID-19
2021
The present study is couched within Rachman's three-pathway theory of fear acquisition (Rachman, 1977, 1991). Besides the direct contact with the objects of fear, this model also includes two indirect pathways to fear acquisition: negative information transmission and modeling. The study aims to explore the contribution of these three factors to the level of children's fear of COVID-19. The sample consisted of 376 children (59.6% girls), aged 7–19 (Mage = 12.77, SDage = 3.57), and one of their parents (Mage = 42.88, SDage = 6.00). The survey was conducted online during the COVID-19 national state of emergency in the Republic of Serbia. The children assessed their fear of COVID-19, general f…
Assessing the costs and cost-effectiveness of ICare internet-based interventions (protocol)
2019
Background: Mental health problems are common and place a burden on the individual as well as on societal resources. Despite the existence of evidence-based treatments, access to treatment is often prevented or delayed due to insufficient health care resources. Effective internet-based self-help interventions have the potential to reduce the risk for mental health problems, to successfully bridge waiting time for face-to-face treatment and to address inequities in access. However, little is known about the cost-effectiveness of such interventions. This paper describes the study protocol for the economic evaluation of the studies that form the ICare programme of internet-based interventions …
Validation of the Short Dark Triad in a German Sample
2021
Abstract. The structure, correlates, and assessment of the Dark Triad are widely discussed in several fields of psychology. Based on the German version of the Short Dark Triad (SDT), we add to this by (a) providing a competitive test of existing structural models, (b) testing the nomological network, and (c) proposing an ultrashort 9-item version of the SDT (uSDT). A sample of N = 969 participants provided data on the SDT and a range of further measures. Our competitive test of five structural models revealed that fit indices and nomological network assumptions were best met in a three-factor model, with separate factors for psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism. The results provid…
The Relationships Between the Dark Triad, the Moral Judgment Level, and the Students’ Disciplinary Choice
2016
Abstract. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships between the personality traits of the Dark Triad, the moral judgment level, and the students’ disciplinary choice. It was hypothesized that students who major in higher business and management education show higher levels of the Dark Triad and lower levels of moral judgment competence (self-selection hypothesis). According to the indoctrination hypothesis it was assumed that the differences between business and management students and other students would be higher in advanced semesters. The findings suggest that business and management students show higher levels of the Dark Triad but not of moral judgment compete…
A computational approach for the assessment of executive functions in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
2019
Previous studies on obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) showed impairments in executive domains, particularly in cognitive inhibition. In this perspective, the use of virtual reality showed huge potential in the assessment of executive functions; however, unfortunately, to date, no study on the assessment of these patients took advantage of the use of virtual environments. One of the main problems faced within assessment protocols is the use of a limited number of variables and tools when tailoring a personalized program. The main aim of this study was to provide a heuristic decision tree for the future development of tailored assessment protocols. To this purpose, we conducted a study that…
No relation between digit ratio (2D:4D) and visual attention patterns to sexually preferred and non-preferred stimuli
2018
Abstract Digit ratio (2D:4D) is a marker of prenatal androgenic exposure that is correlated with different behaviour patterns. Here, we explore the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and early versus late attention to sexually preferred stimuli using an eye-tracking paradigm with 78 androphilic or gynephilic men and women. We simultaneously presented preferred and non-preferred adult stimuli and assessed visual attention across time to first fixation and total duration fixation on entire body and three specific areas (face, chest and pelvis), and investigated whether digit ratio was related to visual attentional biases towards sexually preferred stimuli. As expected, participants tended to fi…
Cyberbullying and Bullying in Spanish Participants With Eating Disorders
2020
There are few studies about the association between bullying, cyberbullying, eating psychopathology in clinical populations. This study aims to 1) analyze whether people with eating disorders were victims of bullying and cyberbullying, 2) explore whether bullying and cyberbullying were associated with eating disorders, psychopathology and coping strategies, and 3) analyze whether being a victim of bullying was a predictor of cyberbullying. Thirty-four participants with eating disorders filled out the questionnaires: EAT-26, DERS, EBIP-Q, ECIPQ, MBSRQ, BRIEF-COPE. Results showed that 100% of the patients had experienced both bullying and cyberbullying. Furthermore, bullying and cyberbullying…
Respuesta sexual en el varón adulto: estudio preliminar
2016
Las personas mayores cada vez otorgan más importancia a la vivencia activa de su sexualidad, lo que choque con algunas de las limitaciones físicas que impone la vejez. El objetivo de este trabajo es acercarnos a la vivencia de la sexualidad en hombres mayores a través de uno de los principales cuestionarios empleados en el estudio de la respuesta sexual masculina: el Índice Internacional de la Función Eréctil. Para ello, 38 hombres de entre 53 y 81 años completaron este y otros instrumentos a través de los cuales se encontró que si bien algunos aspectos de la respuesta sexual (como la función eréctil o el deseo sexual) efectivamente se veían afectados negativamente en hombres mayores, el im…