Search results for "050109 social psychology"

Do Transgender People Respond According to Their Biological Sex or Their Gender Identity When Confronted With Romantic Rivals?

2019

This study examined the hypothesis that gender identity and biological sex represent independent modules and that transgender individuals respond to romantic rivals in line with their gender identity and not with their biological sex. Additionally, associations of jealousy with intrasexual competitiveness (ISC) and social comparison orientation (SCO) were explored. A total of 134 male-to-female and 94 female-to-male transgender individuals from Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina, responded to a questionnaire. In line with the predictions, female-to-male transgender individuals experienced more jealousy than male-to-female transgender individuals in response to a physically dominant rival, whe…

Mind-wandering and mindfulness as mediators of the relationship between online vigilance and well-being

2018

Contains fulltext : 199030pub.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) As mobile technology allows users to be online anywhere and at all times, a growing number of users report feeling constantly alert and preoccupied with online streams of online information and communication - a phenomenon that has recently been termed online vigilance. Despite its growing prevalence, consequences of this constant orientation toward online streams of information and communication for users' well-being are largely unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether being constantly vigilant is related to cognitive consequences in the form of increased mind-wandering and decreased mindfulness and exam…

Moderating Effects of Trait Anxiety on Electrodermal Reactions in Different Learning Conditions

1984

This study examined the control of the effects of trait anxiety on GSR during a problem-solving task under different conditions. Of 84 subjects, 39 men and 49 women of mean age 21 yr., 42 were classified as high in anxiety, 42 as low in anxiety. Subjects solved concept-formation tasks at different degrees of difficulty under one of three learning conditions. Low tone, unpleasant loud tone, and unpleasant electric shock provided the three kinds of error feedback. For the ‘low tone’ and ‘electric shock’ as feedback on errors significant differences in GSR values resulted for groups high and low in anxiety with the latter showing higher scores. The relevance of physiological patterns in multi…

Disclosure to God as a Mediator Between Private Prayer and Psychological Well-Being in a Christian Sample.

2021

AbstractAlthough a number of studies have reported the psychological and physical benefits of prayer, only a few have examined the means by which prayer affects health. Winkeljohn Black et al. (J Relig Health 54(2):540–553, 2015. 10.1007/s10943-014-9840-4) found disclosure to God as a mediator in the relationship between prayer and mental health. In their study, the authors used Poloma and Pendleton’s (Rev Relig Res 31(1):46–53, 1989. https://doi.org/10.2307/3511023, ) model of prayer. This study examined whether disclosure to God as a mediator can be upheld with Laird et al.’s (Int J Psychol Relig 14(4):251–272, 2004) prayer model. The study included 285 Polish adults (50.2% of women), age…

Sociodemographic characteristics of female habitual benzodiazepine consumers in the catchment area of a health care centre.

1997

Modelling terror management theory: computer simulations of the impact of mortality salience on religiosity

2017

ABSTRACTThis article outlines the development – and reports on the experimental findings – of two computational models designed to simulate the dynamic systems and behavioural patterns identified and clarified by research on terror management theory. The causal architectures of these models are informed by empirical research on the effects of mortality salience on “religiosity” (and vice versa). They are also informed by research on the way in which perception of personal and environmental hazards activate evolved cognitive and coalitional precautionary systems that can intensify anxiety-alleviating behaviours such as imaginative engagement with supernatural agents postulated within a relig…

Sex differences in genetic and environmental effects on aggression

2003

The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic and environmental factors influencing teacher and parental rated aggression in boys and girls, asking whether the magnitude of these effects is similar across rater and sex. The study is part of an ongoing nationwide twin-family study of behavioral development and health habits carried out in Finland. The sample consisted of 1651 twin pairs (264 monozygotic male, 300 monozygotic female, 292 dizygotic male, 278 dizygotic female, and 517 dizygotic opposite-sex twin pairs), representing subsets of five 11- to 12-year-old twin cohorts (b. 1983-1987). The data were collected using the teacher and parental rating forms of the Multidimens…

Relaciones entre las actitudes sexistas, la comunicación familiar y la agresión hacia los iguales

2019

La violencia escolar entre iguales es una problemática con graves consecuencias psicosociales. Además, se produce en una etapa del ciclo vital en que la familia y las actitudes sexistas tienen cierta influencia en las conductas violentas de los adolescentes. Desde esta perspectiva, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar posibles diferencias en el sexismo hostil, sexismo benevolente, comunicación con la madre y comunicación con el padre entre tres grupos de adolescentes establecidos según su diferente implicación en violencia hacia los iguales: “baja implicación”, “implicación ocasional” y “implicación frecuente”. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1034 adolescentes de ambos sexos (50.6%…

A Cross-Cultural Study in Spain and Mexico on School Aggression in Adolescence

2016

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships between family and classroom environments and the development of particular individual characteristics, including level of empathy, attitude to institutional authority, and perceived social reputation, and the role these characteristics may in turn play in aggressive behavior. These factors and associations were analyzed by gender and in two different Latin contexts, Spain and Mexico, from a cross-cultural perspective. Participants in the study were 1,319 Spanish adolescents and 1,494 Mexican adolescents drawn from secondary schools. Structural equation models were calculated to test mediational effects among variables. Resu…

Sexism in adolescence: parenting styles, division of housework, prosocial behaviour and aggressive behaviour /Sexismo en la adolescencia: estilos de …

2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify which factors were the best predictors of sexist attitudes. To achieve this aim, two groups of variables were analysed. The first group consisted of variables relating to parenting styles and the division of housework. The second group consisted of personal factors related to prosocial behaviour and physical and verbal aggression. The sample was made up of 732 adolescents aged 12–14 from Valencia (Spain). The analysis was conducted separately for boys and girls. Correlation analyses and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted on each subsample. The results show that the division of housework and parenting styles were related to sexist…