Search results for "105"
showing 10 items of 9364 documents
Regional Farmers’ Perception and Societal Issues in Vineyards Affected by High Erosion Rates
2021
We explore the current situation in a viticultural region in Eastern Spain from a holistic and multifaceted research approach, which allowed us to understand the biophysical conditions, economic cost, social impact, and perception of the farmers’ community to the use of catch crops. A survey of the perception of the farmers, and an assessment of the biophysical impact of catch crops (CC) and tillage (C = Control plot) on soil organic matter, bulk density, infiltration capacity (single ring infiltrometer), and runoff generation and soil erosion (rainfall simulation experiments) was carried out. Two representative fields as study sites were selected in Les Alcusses valley, within Els Alforins…
A Low-Cost Smartphone Sensor-Based UV Camera for Volcanic SO2 Emission Measurements
2017
Recently, we reported on the development of low-cost ultraviolet (UV) cameras, based on the modification of sensors designed for the smartphone market. These units are built around modified Raspberry Pi cameras (PiCams; ≈USD 25), and usable system sensitivity was demonstrated in the UVA and UVB spectral regions, of relevance to a number of application areas. Here, we report on the first deployment of PiCam devices in one such field: UV remote sensing of sulphur dioxide emissions from volcanoes; such data provide important insights into magmatic processes and are applied in hazard assessments. In particular, we report on field trials on Mt. Etna, where the utility of these devices in quantif…
A model of degassing for Stromboli volcano
2010
International audience; A better understanding of degassing processes at open-vent basaltic volcanoes requires collection of new datasets of H2O–CO2–SO2 volcanic gas plume compositions, which acquisition has long been hampered by technical limitations. Here, we use the MultiGAS technique to provide the best-documented record of gas plume discharges from Stromboli volcano to date. We show that Stromboli's gases are dominated by H2O (48–98 mol%; mean, 80%), and by CO2 (2–50 mol%; mean, 17%) and SO2 (0.2–14 mol%; mean, 3%). The significant temporal variability in our dataset reflects the dynamic nature of degassing process during Strombolian activity; which we explore by interpreting our gas m…
Sulfur Degassing From Steam-Heated Crater Lakes: El Chichón (Chiapas, Mexico) and Víti (Iceland)
2018
The composition of the gases released by El Chichón (Chiapas, Mexico) and Víti (Askja volcano, Iceland) volcanic lakes is examined by Multi-GAS for the first time. Our results demonstrate that H2S and SO2 are degassed by these pH 2–3 lakes. We find higher CO2/H2S and H2/H2S ratios in the lakes' emissions (31–5,685 and 0.6–35, respectively) than in the fumarolic gases feeding the lakes (13–33 and 0.08–0.5, respectively), evidencing that only a fraction (0.2–5.4% at El Chichón) of the H2S(g) contributed by the subaquatic fumaroles ultimately reaches the atmosphere. At El Chichón, we estimate a H2S output from the crater lake of 0.02–0.06 t/day. Curiously, SO2 is also detected at trace levels …
Volcanic Plume CO2 Flux Measurements at Mount Etna by Mobile Differential Absorption Lidar
2017
Volcanic eruptions are often preceded by precursory increases in the volcanic carbon dioxide (CO2) flux. Unfortunately, the traditional techniques used to measure volcanic CO2 require near-vent, in situ plume measurements that are potentially hazardous for operators and expose instruments to extreme conditions. To overcome these limitations, the project BRIDGE (BRIDging the gap between Gas Emissions and geophysical observations at active volcanoes) received funding from the European Research Council, with the objective to develop a new generation of volcanic gas sensing instruments, including a novel DIAL-Lidar (Differential Absorption Light Detection and Ranging) for remote (e.g., distal) …
Ultraviolet imaging of volcanic plumes: A new paradigm in volcanology
2017
Ultraviolet imaging has been applied in volcanology over the last ten years or so. This provides considerably higher temporal and spatial resolution volcanic gas emission rate data than available previously, enabling the volcanology community to investigate a range of far faster plume degassing processes than achievable hitherto. To date, this has covered rapid oscillations in passive degassing through conduits and lava lakes, as well as puffing and explosions, facilitating exciting connections to be made for the first time between previously rather separate sub-disciplines of volcanology. Firstly, there has been corroboration between geophysical and degassing datasets at â1 Hz, expeditin…
Evolution of Seismicity During a Stalled Episode of Reawakening at Cayambe Volcano, Ecuador
2021
Cayambe Volcano is an ice-capped, 5,790 m high, andesitic-dacitic volcanic complex, located on the equator in the Eastern Cordillera of the Ecuadorian Andes. An eruption at Cayambe would pose considerable hazards to surrounding communities and a nationally significant agricultural industry. Although the only historically documented eruption was in 1785, it remains persistently restless and long-period (LP) seismicity has been consistently observed at the volcano for over 10 years. However, the sparse monitoring network, and complex interactions between the magmatic, hydrothermal, glacial, and tectonic systems, make unrest at Cayambe challenging to interpret. In June 2016 a seismic “crisis” …
Dialogioppiminen ryhmä- ja yksilötasoilla hoitotyön kontekstissa
2000
Artikkelissa dialogioppimista on tulkittu hoitotyön oppimisen ja opettamisen erilaisissa käytänteissä. Käsitys dialogista perustuu Bahtinin puheen teoriaan, jossa näkökulmien vastakkaisuutta pidetään dialogin syntymisen ehtona. Käsitys oppimisesta perustuu kontekstuaaliseen näkemykseen, jossa oppimisen kohteeksi rajataan arkitodellisuus ja sieltä nousevat ongelmat. Koska arjen ristiriitaiset käytänteet kiinnittyvät erilaisiin ajattelu- ja toimintamalleihin, puheesta on etsitty historiallisia ääniä, vakiintuneiksi muodostuneita hoitamisen ja oppimisen muotoja. Tarkoituksena on ollut selvittää, millaisten dialogien avulla näistä erilaisista äänistä rakennetaan jaettua ja yksilöllistä tietämys…
Empathy, Entrainment, and Perceived Interaction in Complex Dyadic Dance Movement
2019
The current study explores how individuals' tendency to empathize with others (trait empathy) modulates interaction and social entrainment in dyadic dance in a free movement context using perceptual and computationally derived measures. Stimuli consisting of 24 point-light animations were created using motion capture data selected from a sample of 99 dyads, based on self-reported trait empathy. Individuals whose Empathy Quotient (EQ) scores were in the top or bottom quartile of all scores were considered to have high or low empathy, respectively, and twelve dyads comprised of four high-high, four low-low, and four high-low empathy combinations were identified. Animations of these dyads were…
Who Controls Who? Embodied Control Within Human–Technology Choreographies
2017
In this article we explore issues of embodied control that relate to current and future technologies in which body movements function as an instrument of control. Instead of just seeing ourselves in control, it is time to consider how these technologies actually control our moving bodies and transform our lived spaces. By shifting the focus from devices to choreographies among devices, we perform a theoretical analysis of the multidimensional aspects that reside within embodied interaction with technology. We suggest that it is beneficial to acknowledge and reformulate the phenomena of embodied control that go beyond the instrumental user-to-device control scheme. Drawing upon the phenomeno…