Search results for "11"
showing 10 items of 17291 documents
Environmental determinants of chironomid communities in remote northern lakes across the treeline – Implications for climate change assessments
2016
Abstract Chironomids ( Diptera : Chironomidae ) in northern lakes are especially sensitive to climate change impacts. In addition, environmental factors other than direct temperature increase might play an important role in functioning of these keystone aquatic communities. We examined 31 lakes at the treeline ecotone in subarctic Finnish Lapland for their surface sediment chironomid fauna to assess the influence of different environmental factors on the communities. We aim to improve understanding of the climate-driven catchment and limnological factors, for the assessment of climate change impacts. Our results indicated that organic content of the sediment, total nitrogen, water depth and…
The responses of shoot-root-rhizosphere continuum to simultaneous fertilizer addition, warming, ozone and herbivory in young Scots pine seedlings in …
2017
Abstract It is not clear how climate change in combination with increasing soil nitrogen availability and herbivory affects boreal forests, the largest terrestrial biome in the world. In this study, Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris ) seedlings were exposed to moderate warming (ca. 1 °C), 1.5 × ambient ozone (O 3 ) concentration, fertilizer addition (120 kg N ha −1 yr −1 ) and shoot herbivory by pine sawfly ( Acantholyda posticalis ) alone and in combination. We measured fine root morphology, mycorrhizal colonization level, root fungal biomass (ergosterol), rhizosphere emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), and microbial biomass (PLFAs) in the rhizosphere soil as well as seedl…
Continuous cover forestry is a cost-efficient tool to increase multifunctionality of boreal production forests in Fennoscandia
2017
Abstract Earlier research has suggested that the diversification of silvicultural strategies is a cost-efficient tool to ensure multifunctionality in production forests. This study compared the effects of continuous cover forestry and conventional rotation forestry on ecosystem services and biodiversity in boreal forests in Finland. We simulated over 25,000 commercial forest stands for 100 years under continuous cover and rotation forest management. Forests without management were used as a reference. We compared the effects of silvicultural practices over space and time on ecosystem services, biodiversity indicators and multifunctionality. Our results revealed that continuous cover forestr…
Conflicting objectives in production forests pose a challenge for forest management
2017
Conflicts among different ecosystem services have been shown to be common and potentially exacerbated by management interventions. In order to improve the sustainability of natural resource use, the occurrence of these conflicts and the effects that management actions have on them need to be understood. We studied the conflicts between ecosystem services and the potential to solve them by management choices in boreal production forests. Our study area consisted of nearly 30,000 forest stands which were simulated for 50 years into the future under alternative management scenarios. The study included four ecosystem services – timber production, bilberry production, carbon storage, and pest re…
Effect of Intensity and Mode of Artificial Upwelling on Particle Flux and Carbon Export
2021
Reduction of anthropogenic CO2 emissions alone will not sufficiently restrict global warming and enable the 1.5°C goal of the Paris agreement to be met. To effectively counteract climate change, measures to actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere are required. Artificial upwelling has been proposed as one such carbon dioxide removal technique. By fueling primary productivity in the surface ocean with nutrient-rich deep water, it could potentially enhance downward fluxes of particulate organic carbon (POC) and carbon sequestration. In this study we investigated the effect of different intensities of artificial upwelling combined with two upwelling modes (recurring additions vs. on…
Planning for the future : identifying conservation priority areas for Iberian birds under climate change
2018
[Context]: Species are expected to shift their distributions in response to global environmental changes and additional protected areas are needed to encompass the corresponding changes in the distributions of their habitats. Conservation policies are likely to become obsolete unless they integrate the potential impacts of climate and land-use change on biodiversity.
Mapping a ‘cryptic kingdom’: Performance of lidar derived environmental variables in modelling the occurrence of forest fungi
2016
Abstract Fungi are crucial to forest ecosystem function and provide important provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural ecosystem services. As major contributors to biomass decomposition, fungi are important to forest biogeochemical cycling and maintenance of vertebrate animal diversity. Many forest plant species live in a symbiotic relationship with a fungal partner that helps a host plant to acquire nutrients and water. In addition, edible fungi are recreationally as well as economically valuable. However, most fungi live in very cryptic locations (e.g. in soils and interior plant tissues) and are only visible when their ephemeral fruiting bodies are produced, making fungal occur…
Molecular composition of dissolved organic matter from a wetland plant (Juncus effusus) after photochemical and microbial decomposition (1.25 yr): Co…
2013
We hypothesized that microbial and photochemical processing of dissolved organic matter (DOM) determines its molecular formula composition in aquatic systems to a greater degree than does the original source of the DOM. To test this hypothesis, we exposed DOM from a leachate of a wetland plant (Juncus effusus) to solar radiation or incubated it in the dark for 1.25 yr. Analysis of the extracted DOM of the leachates via Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) identified 2800 molecular formulae. Of the formulae in the initial DOM, 11% were lost during microbial decomposition in the dark and 54% under solar radiation. Solar radiation also produced a large number…
Influence of littoral periphyton on whole-lake metabolism relates to littoral vegetation in humic lakes
2017
The role of littoral habitats in lake metabolism has been underrated, especially in humic lakes, based on an assumption of low benthic primary production (PP) due to low light penetration into water. This assumption has been challenged by recent recognition of littoral epiphyton dominance of whole-lake PP in a small highly humic lake and of epiphyton as an important basal food source for humic lake biota. However, as these studies have mostly concerned single lakes, there is a need to test their wider generality. We studied the whole-lake PP and community respiration (CR) in eight small humic lakes in southern Finland during July 2015 using 14 C incorporation to measure pelagic PP and the c…
Using long-term ecosystem service and biodiversity data to study the impacts and adaptation options in response to climate change: insights from the …
2013
The International Long Term Ecological Research (ILTER) network can coordinate ecological research to provide observations of the ecosystem changes, and their socio-economic impacts on human societies at different scales. In this paper we demonstrate the importance of the ILTER network in the study and monitoring of environmental changes at a global level. We give examples of how biodiversity and ecosystem service data can be used to study impacts and adaptation options in response to climate change. Analysis of the 107 recent publications from LTER networks representing 21 countries show that LTER studies are often local and heterogeneous. There are some ecosystem types, such as agricultur…