Search results for "14"

Rapid self-healing and anion selectivity in metallosupramolecular gels assisted by fluorine-fluorine interactions.

2017

Simple ML2 [M = Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II)] complexes obtained from a perfluoroalkylamide derivative of 4-aminophenyl-2,2′,6,2′-terpyridine spontaneously, yet anion selectively, self-assemble into gels, which manifest an unprecedented rapid gel strength recovery, viz. self-healing, and thermal rearrangement in aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide. The key factor for gelation and rheological properties emerges from the fluorine–fluorine interactions between the perfluorinated chains, as the corresponding hydrocarbon derivative did not form metallogels. The perfluoro-terpyridine ligand alone formed single crystals, while its Fe(II), Co(II) or Ni(II) complexes underwent rapid gelation leading to highly enta…

Ecosocial innovations enabling social work to promote new forms of sustainable economy

2020

Social work research and practice that address environmental sustainability have already become prominent. However, a change in unsustainable economic structures is also urgently needed. This study explored emerging opportunities in theory and practice for a sustainable economy that are relevant to the aims of social work. As practical examples, our study concerns ‘ecosocial innovations’, i.e., social innovations that combine ecological and social goals. We analysed how these grassroots innovations in the field of social work reflect crucial shared conceptions of alternative economies. The qualitative data set comprised of 50 ecosocial innovations and six case studies in five European count…

Reply to : “Topological and trivial domain wall states in engineered atomic chains”

2022

publishedVersion Non peer reviewed

From innovation to labour costs : Change of emphasis in Finnish competitiveness policy ideas after the Eurocrisis

2018

Small open economies such as Finland are particularly exposed to international market competition. In this article, Finland is analysed as a competition state where the pursuit of international advantages is a policy priority. Previously, Finland has been argued to be an exemplar of an economy following a strategy of radical transformation via creatively utilizing corporatist institutions instead of relying mainly on liberal reforms. In the 1990s, Finnish policymakers adopted policy ideas that emphasize technological change, innovation and education as a means to competitive edges and pursued these goals in a coordinated manner. This allowed Finland to adopt an export-led growth model and s…

Freeze-out radii extracted from three-pion cumulants in pp, p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC

2014

In high-energy collisions, the spatio-temporal size of the particle production region can be measured using the Bose-Einstein correlations of identical bosons at low relative momentum. The source radii are typically extracted using two-pion correlations, and characterize the system at the last stage of interaction, called kinetic freeze-out. In low-multiplicity collisions, unlike in high-multiplicity collisions, two-pion correlations are substantially altered by background correlations, e.g. mini-jets. Such correlations can be suppressed using three-pion cumulant correlations. We present the first measurements of the size of the system at freeze-out extracted from three-pion cumulant correl…

Krigsföring och statsbyggare i brytningsskedet mellan medeltid och tidigmodern tid

2018

Tribological properties of thin films made by atomic layer deposition sliding against silicon

2018

Interfacial phenomena, such as adhesion, friction, and wear, can dominate the performance and reliability of microelectromechanical (MEMS) devices. Here, thin films made by atomic layer deposition (ALD) were tested for their tribological properties. Tribological tests were carried out with silicon counterpart sliding against ALD thin films in order to simulate the contacts occurring in the MEMS devices. The counterpart was sliding in a linear reciprocating motion against the ALD films with the total sliding distances of 5 and 20 m. Al2O3 and TiO2 coatings with different deposition temperatures were investigated in addition to Al2O3-TiO2-nanolaminate, TiN, NbN, TiAlCN, a-C:H [diamondlike car…

Friction of Shear-Fracture Zones

2017

A shear fracture of brittle solids under compression undergoes a substantial evolution from the initial microcracking to a fully formed powder-filled shear zone. Experiments covering the entire process are relatively easy to conduct, but they are very difficult to investigate in detail. Numerically, the large strain limit has remained a challenge. An efficient simulation model and a custom-made experimental device are employed to test to what extent a shear fracture alone is sufficient to drive material to spontaneous selflubrication. A “weak shear zone” is an important concept in geology, and a large number of explanations, specific for tectonic conditions, have been proposed. We demonstra…

The sidelining of gender equality in a corporatist and knowledge-oriented regime : The case of failed family leave reform in Finland

2020

Reform of the family leave system has been on the Finnish political agenda for a long time but has proved to be a challenging task. The challenges relate to ideological differences between the political parties and to non-decision making in tripartite working groups, where the labour market parties participate in policy formulation. The article analyses the recent attempt to reform the Finnish family leave system under a right-conservative government (2015–2019) as an example of how diverging political ideologies and vested interests undermine adoption of government gender equality policy. The case also serves as an example of the growing influence of knowledge, and especially economic know…

Cognitive consequences of the timing of puberty

2018

In this paper, we use British cohort data to study the degree to which children at different stages of pubertal development at age 11 and 16 differ in their cognitive and behavioral outcomes at age 16 as well as in their completed educational attainment and adult earnings. Controlling for age 7 cognitive skills, region of birth, father's socioeconomic status and parents’ education, we show that boys’ late pubertal development is associated with lower levels of cognitive skills at 16, lower final educational attainment, and lower earnings in adulthood. For girls we find a similar negative relationship between late puberty and cognitive skills, but only imprecise relationships between the tim…