Search results for "14"
showing 10 items of 9841 documents
Prematurity and overlap between reading and arithmetic: The cognitive mechanisms behind the association
2019
It is well-known that very preterm children perform at lower levels than full-term children in reading and arithmetic at school. Whether the lower performance levels of preterm children in these two separate domains have the same or different origins, however, is not clear. The present study examined the extent to which prematurity is associated with the overlap (i.e., common variance) of reading and arithmetic among Finnish school beginners. We also examined the extent to which the association of prematurity with the overlap between reading and arithmetic is due to different prereading skills, basic number skills, and general cognitive abilities. The participants (age 6-7) consisted of 193…
The combined effect of lower extremity function and cognitive performance on perceived walking ability among older people : a 2-year follow-up study
2018
Background We studied the combined effects of cognitive performance and lower extremity function on self-reported walking modifications and walking difficulty and on self-reported walking difficulty incidence over a 2-year follow-up. Methods A total of 848 community-dwelling older people aged 75-90 years participated at baseline, 816 at the 1-year follow-up, and 761 at the 2-year follow-up. Baseline lower extremity function was measured with the Short Physical Performance Battery (<10 vs. ≥10) and cognitive performance with the Mini-Mental State Examination (<24 vs. ≥24). Difficulty in walking 2 km was self-reported and categorized into no difficulties, no difficulties but walking modificat…
Effects of operational assessment of the 4:4 and 4:4/6:6 watch systems on sleepiness, fatigue, and stress responses during patrolling on a navy missi…
2022
The operation of naval vessels involves watchkeeping 24 h per day, which is globally carried out by a variety of different watch systems. In this study, the rotating 4:4 and fixed 4:4/6:6 two-section watch systems were compared in terms of sleepiness, fatigue, and stress responses. The data collection took place on a Finnish Defence Forces' (FDF) Navy missile patrol boat with 15 crew members serving as study participants. The data collection periods lasted two separate weeks (7 days, 6 nights) with the different watch systems. The subjective sleepiness of the participants was assessed before and after every watch using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). Stress responses were assessed da…
Two traditions of cognitive sociology : an analysis and assessment of their cognitive and methodological assumptions
2022
Cognitive sociology has been split into cultural and interdisciplinary traditions that position themselves differently in relation to the cognitive sciences and make incompatible assumptions about cognition. This article provides an analysis and assessment of the cognitive and methodological assumptions of these two traditions from the perspective of the mechanistic theory of explanation. We argue that while the cultural tradition of cognitive sociology has provided important descriptions about how human cognition varies across cultural groups and historical periods, it has not opened up the black box of cognitive mechanisms that produce and sustain this variation. This means that its expla…
Kognitiivinen sosiologia kulttuurin ja toiminnan suhteen tutkimuksessa
2021
Erilaiset kognitiota koskevat kysymyksenasettelut ovat viime vuosikymmeninä yleistyneet yhteiskuntatieteissä. Vaikka sosiologit eivät ole olleet tässä suhteessa edelläkävijöitä, sosiologian sisältä löytyy kuitenkin kasvava joukko kulttuurin ja kognition rajapinnasta kiinnostuneita tutkijoita. Artikkelissa esittelemme tieteidenvälisen kognitiivisen sosiologian suuntausta, jonka tavoitteena on sillan rakentaminen kulttuurisosiologian ja kognitiotieteiden välille. Tässä suuntauksessa on keskusteltu erityisestisiitä, millaisten kognitiivisten prosessien välityksellä kulttuuri vaikuttaa ihmisten toimintaan ja miten näitä prosesseja on mahdollista tutkia empiirisesti. Lähestymme kognitiivista sos…
Colorectal cancer incidences in Lynch syndrome: a comparison of results from the prospective lynch syndrome database and the international mismatch r…
2022
Abstract Objective To compare colorectal cancer (CRC) incidences in carriers of pathogenic variants of the MMR genes in the PLSD and IMRC cohorts, of which only the former included mandatory colonoscopy surveillance for all participants. Methods CRC incidences were calculated in an intervention group comprising a cohort of confirmed carriers of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in mismatch repair genes (path_MMR) followed prospectively by the Prospective Lynch Syndrome Database (PLSD). All had colonoscopy surveillance, with polypectomy when polyps were identified. Comparison was made with a retrospective cohort reported by the International Mismatch Repair Consortium (IMRC). This com…
Kotihoidon työntekijöiden teknologiaan liittyvät tunteet
2022
Tarkastelemme artikkelissamme kotihoidon työntekijöiden teknologian käyttämiseen liittyviä tunteita ja syitä niiden takana. Tutkimuskysymyksemme ovat: 1) Millaisia tunteita kotihoidon työntekijät liittävät työssä käyttämäänsä teknologiaan? 2) Millaisia syitä kotihoidon työntekijöiden tunteiden taustalta on havaittavissa? Artikkelimme perustuu vuonna 2019 kerättyyn kyselytutkimusaineistoon ja sen avokysymykseen, joka koskee työssä käytettyyn teknologiaan liittyviä tunteita. Tarkastelemme niiden 819 vastaajan vastauksia, jotka ovat ilmoittaneet pääasialliseksi toimipaikakseen kotihoidon. Analysoimme tutkimusaineiston aineistolähtöisellä sisällönanalyysillä. Analyysimme osoittaa, että vastauks…
People with memory illnesses and their spouses as actors in the hybrid care model
2023
Objective: The study analysed how its participants positioned themselves and other people as actors in daily life, and what matters they portrayed as meaningful in seeking and receiving support in daily life. Background: Family care has traditionally played an important role in elder care in Finland. Current policy goals will further increase the importance of family care, yet research on how people with memory illnesses and their spouses perceive care arrangements is scarce. Method: The study drew from theory of relational agency and positioning theory. The data came from semi-structured, in-depth interviews (10) of home-dwelling people diagnosed with a memory illness and their spouses. Th…
Learning to survive amidst nested crises: can the coronavirus pandemic help us change educational practices to prepare for the impending eco-crisis?
2021
The ongoing ecological crisis and the more recent Coronavirus crisis challenge the grand narrative of Enlightenment that human beings are ‘masters of nature’. For millennia, human social learning has allowed Homo sapiens to outpace most of our competitor creatures and live a comfortable life, but this competitive success has resulted in cataclysmic failure for the ecosystem. However, people’s unique ability to learn gives us hope that we can overcome the nested crises, or learn to live with them. What is required is not more knowledge, but instead, collective learning to change practices, institutionalized in educational processes. Drawing on the theory of practice architectures, this paper…
Koronakriisi, informaatio ja resilienssipolitiikka
2020
Globaali koronaviruspandemia on vakavin poliittista päätöksentekoa kohdannut kriisi vuosikymmeniin. Nykypolitiikassa kriiseihin vastaamista ja niistä toipumista hahmotetaan usein resilienssin käsitteen avulla, joka viittaa kriisinsietokykyyn ja kriisiä seuraavaan mukautumisprosessiin. Tässä artikkelissa koronapandemian hoitoa Suomessa arvioidaan resilienssikirjallisuuden käsitteiden avulla. Muotoilemme ”kokonaisresilienssin” viitekehyksen, jota voidaan soveltaa kriisipolitiikan empiiriseen, analyyttiseen ja normatiiviseen arviointiin. Viitekehyksen avulla tarkastelemme Suomen hallituksen keväällä 2020 soveltaman kriisinhallintalinjan piirteitä ja painotuksia. Erityisesti kiinnitämme huomiot…