Search results for "2S"

showing 10 items of 1037 documents

Macroalgal responses to ocean acidification depend on nutrient and light levels

2015

Ocean acidification may benefit algae that are able to capitalize on increased carbon availability for photosynthesis, but it is expected to have adverse effects on calcified algae through dissolution. Shifts in dominance between primary producers will have knock-on effects on marine ecosystems and will likely vary regionally, depending on factors such as irradiance (light vs. shade) and nutrient levels (oligotrophic vs. eutrophic). Thus experiments are needed to evaluate interactive effects of combined stressors in the field. In this study, we investigated the physiological responses of macroalgae near a CO2 seep in oligotrophic waters off Vulcano (Italy). The algae were incubated in situ …

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)TemperateSalinityChlorophyll aFucoxanthininorganicAlkalinityPhotosynthetic efficiency standard errorChlorophyll cNitrogen content per dry mass standard errorLight saturation point standard errorPhenolics allTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedMacroalgaeCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Carbon Nitrogen ratioAragonite saturation stateAlkalinity totalallCarbon per dry massSalinity standard errortotalCarbon content per dry mass standard errorPhenolics all standard errorCO2 ventChromistapHMaximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II standard errorTemperaturePartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) standard errordissolvedAntioxidant activity standard errorCarbonate ionMaximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem IIPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Field experimentstandard errorNitrogen content per dry massElectron transport rate standard errorFucoxanthin standard errorEarth System ResearchViolaxanthinPhenolicsChlorophyll a standard errorCarbon dioxide standard errorPotentiometric titrationCalcite saturation stateCarbon/Nitrogen ratio standard errorNitrogenOchrophytaPotentiometricper dry masswaterChlorophyll c standard errorBenthosAlkalinity total standard errorAntioxidant activityElectron transport rateLight saturation pointOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCMacro-nutrientsMediterranean SeaNitrogen per dry massBicarbonate ionTemperature water standard errorCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)Primary production PhotosynthesisSpeciespH standard errorCalcite saturation state standard errorCystoseira compressaCalculated using CO2SYSNon photochemical quenchingCarbon content per dry massCarbonate system computation flagViolaxanthin standard errorPrimary production/PhotosynthesisFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonCarbon/Nitrogen ratioBiomass/Abundance/Elemental compositionTreatmentPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airAragonite saturation state standard errorCarbon dioxideMacro nutrientsCarbonate ion standard errorSingle speciesFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airPadina pavonicaBiomass Abundance Elemental compositionCoast and continental shelfPhotosynthetic efficiencyBicarbonate ion standard errorNon photochemical quenching standard error
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Decline in Coccolithophore Diversity and Impact on Coccolith Morphogenesis Along a Natural CO2 Gradient

2014

A natural pH gradient caused by marine CO2 seeps off Vulcano Island (Italy) was used to assess the effects of ocean acidification on coccolithophores, which are abundant planktonic unicellular calcifiers. Such seeps are used as natural laboratories to study the effects of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems, since they cause long-term changes in seawater carbonate chemistry and pH, exposing the organisms to elevated CO2 concentrations and therefore mimicking future scenarios. Previous work at CO2 seeps has focused exclusively on benthic organisms. Here we show progressive depletion of 27 coccolithophore species, in terms of cell concentrations and diversity, along a calcite saturation …

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)TemperateSalinityCommunity composition and diversityinorganicAlkalinityCoccospheres malformedMediterranean Sea Acidification in a Changing Climate MedSeATemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateAlkalinity totaltotalCO2 ventpHPelagosTemperaturedissolvedCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Earth System ResearchmalformedField observationPotentiometric titrationCalcite saturation stateCoccospheresPotentiometricwaterGrowth MorphologyMediterranean Sea Acidification in a Changing Climate (MedSeA)Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCMediterranean SeaBicarbonate ionCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)Calculated using CO2SYSfungiCarbonate system computation flagCoccospheres corrodedFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonBiomass/Abundance/Elemental compositionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airSample IDCarbon dioxidecorrodedEntire communityGrowth/MorphologyPhytoplanktonFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airBiomass Abundance Elemental compositionCoast and continental shelfNumber of species
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Shallow water marine sediment bacterial community shifts along a natural CO2 gradient in the Mediterranean Sea Off vulcano, Italy

2014

The effects of increasing atmospheric CO(2) on ocean ecosystems are a major environmental concern, as rapid shoaling of the carbonate saturation horizon is exposing vast areas of marine sediments to corrosive waters worldwide. Natural CO(2) gradients off Vulcano, Italy, have revealed profound ecosystem changes along rocky shore habitats as carbonate saturation levels decrease, but no investigations have yet been made of the sedimentary habitat. Here, we sampled the upper 2 cm of volcanic sand in three zones, ambient (median pCO(2) 419 µatm, minimum Omega (arag) 3.77), moderately CO(2)-enriched (median pCO(2) 592 µatm, minimum Omega (arag) 2.96), and highly CO(2)-enriched (median pCO(2) 1611…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)TemperateSalinityPotentiometric titrationCalcite saturation stateCommunity composition and diversityPotentiometricinorganicwaterAlkalinitySiteFigureBenthosTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedAbundanceCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCMediterranean SeaBicarbonate ionAragonite saturation stateSoft-bottom communityAlkalinity totalLONGITUDEtotalCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)CO2 ventSpeciesShannon Diversity IndexpHCalculated using CO2SYSTemperatureCarbonate system computation flagdissolvedFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Carbonate ionCarbonPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Partial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideSoft bottom communityEntire communityEarth System ResearchLATITUDEFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airGroupCoast and continental shelfField observationClass
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"Table 24" of "Measurements of Forward Proton Production with Incident Protons and Charged Pions on Nuclear Targets at the CERN Proton Synchroton"

2010

Differential cross section for proton production with a proton beam and Carbon target in the angular range 0.200 to 0.250 radians. The errors are the square-root of the diagonal elements of the covariant matrix.

P C --> P XInclusive0.501.00D2SIG/DP/DOMEGAPhysics::Accelerator PhysicsNuclear ExperimentDouble Differential Cross Section
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"Table 22" of "Measurements of Forward Proton Production with Incident Protons and Charged Pions on Nuclear Targets at the CERN Proton Synchroton"

2010

Differential cross section for proton production with a proton beam and Carbon target in the angular range 0.100 to 0.150 radians. The errors are the square-root of the diagonal elements of the covariant matrix.

P C --> P XInclusive0.501.00D2SIG/DP/DOMEGAPhysics::Accelerator PhysicsNuclear ExperimentDouble Differential Cross Section
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"Table 23" of "Measurements of Forward Proton Production with Incident Protons and Charged Pions on Nuclear Targets at the CERN Proton Synchroton"

2010

Differential cross section for proton production with a proton beam and Carbon target in the angular range 0.150 to 0.200 radians. The errors are the square-root of the diagonal elements of the covariant matrix.

P C --> P XInclusive0.501.00D2SIG/DP/DOMEGAPhysics::Accelerator PhysicsNuclear ExperimentDouble Differential Cross Section
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"Table 21" of "Measurements of Forward Proton Production with Incident Protons and Charged Pions on Nuclear Targets at the CERN Proton Synchroton"

2010

Differential cross section for proton production with a proton beam and Carbon target in the angular range 0.050 to 0.100 radians. The errors are the square-root of the diagonal elements of the covariant matrix.

P C --> P XInclusive0.501.00D2SIG/DP/DOMEGAPhysics::Accelerator PhysicsNuclear ExperimentDouble Differential Cross Section
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"Table 14" of "Large-angle production of charged pions by 3 GeV/c - 12.9 GeV/c protons on beryllium, aluminium and lead targets"

2007

Double-differential cross section for PI- production from BE in the LAB system for PI- polar angle from 1.15 to 1.35 radians.

P NUCLEUS --> PI- XInclusiveD2SIG/DP/DTHETAP BE --> PI- XDouble Differential Cross SectionAngular Dependence
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"Table 15" of "Large-angle production of charged pions by 3 GeV/c - 12.9 GeV/c protons on beryllium, aluminium and lead targets"

2007

Double-differential cross section for PI- production from BE in the LAB system for PI- polar angle from 1.35 to 1.55 radians.

P NUCLEUS --> PI- XInclusiveD2SIG/DP/DTHETAP BE --> PI- XDouble Differential Cross SectionAngular Dependence
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"Table 18" of "Large-angle production of charged pions by 3 GeV/c - 12.9 GeV/c protons on beryllium, aluminium and lead targets"

2007

Double-differential cross section for PI- production from BE in the LAB system for PI- polar angle from 1.95 to 2.15 radians.

P NUCLEUS --> PI- XInclusiveD2SIG/DP/DTHETAP BE --> PI- XDouble Differential Cross SectionAngular Dependence
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