Search results for "311"
showing 10 items of 433 documents
The Bandwidth of VWM Consolidation Varies With the Stimulus Feature: Evidence From Event-Related Potentials
2018
Our previous work suggests that 2 colors can be consolidated into visual short-term memory (VSTM) in parallel without a loss of memory precision, whereas consolidation of 2 orientations is performed in a strictly serial manner. Those experiments compared VSTM performance for simultaneously and sequentially presented stimuli. However, there is still controversy about whether the bandwidth for consolidation is determined by the type of information. To further investigate this issue, here we measured electroencephalography while participants attempted to consolidate 1, 2 or 4 simultaneously presented colors (Experiment 1) or orientations (Experiment 2) under limited presentation times. We used…
Gut-adipose tissue axis in hepatic fat accumulation in humans
2014
Recent evidence suggests that in animals gut microbiota composition (GMC) affects the onset and progression of hepatic fat accumulation. The aim of this study was to investigate in humans whether subjects with high hepatic fat content (HHFC) differ in their GMC from those with low hepatic fat content (LHFC), and whether these differences are associated with body composition, biomarkers and abdominal adipose tissue inflammation.Hepatic fat content (HFC) was measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS). Fecal GMC was profiled by 16S rRNA fluorescence in situ hybridization and flow cytometry. Adipose tissue gene expression was analyzed using Affymetrix microarrays and quant…
Passive exposure to speech sounds modifies change detection brain responses in adults
2019
In early life auditory discrimination ability can be enhanced by passive sound exposure. In contrast, in adulthood passive exposure seems to be insufficient to promote discrimination ability, but this has been tested only with a single short exposure session in humans. We tested whether passive exposure to unfamiliar auditory stimuli can result in enhanced cortical discrimination ability and change detection in adult humans, and whether the possible learning effect generalizes to different stimuli. To address these issues, we exposed adult Finnish participants to Chinese lexical tones passively for 2 h per day on 4 consecutive days. Behavioral responses and the brain's event-related potenti…
Clinical presentation of patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea and self-reported physician-diagnosed asthma in the ESADA cohort.
2018
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and asthma are often associated and several studies suggest a bidirectional relationship between asthma and OSA. This study analyzed the characteristics of patients with suspected OSA from the European Sleep Apnea Database according to presence/absence of physician-diagnosed asthma. Cross-sectional data in 16,236 patients (29.1% female) referred for suspected OSA were analyzed according to occurrence of physician-diagnosed asthma for anthropometrics, OSA severity and sleepiness. Sleep structure was assessed in patients studied by polysomnography (i.e. 48% of the sample). The prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma in the entire cohort was 4.8% (7.9% in women, …
The effect of paired associative stimulation on fatigue resistance
2015
Paired associative stimulation (PAS) is a non-invasive stimulation method developed to induce bidirectional changes in the excitability of the cortical projections to the target muscles. However, very few studies have shown an association between changes in motor evoked potentials (MEP) after PAS and behavioral changes in healthy subjects. In the present study we hypothesized that the functional relevance of PAS can be seen during fatiguing exercise, since there is always a central contribution to the development of fatigue. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied over the motor cortex to measure changes in the MEPs of the soleus muscle before and after PAS. Furthermore, fatigue resis…
Birth weight and adult income : An examination of mediation through adult height and body mass
2021
This paper examines the causal links between early human endowments and socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood. We use a genotyped longitudinal survey (Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study) that is linked to the administrative registers of Statistics Finland. We focus on the effect of birth weight on income via two anthropometric mediators: body mass index (BMI) and height in adulthood. We find that (i) the genetic instruments for birth weight, adult height, and adult BMI are statistically powerful; (ii) there is a robust total effect of birth weight on income for men but not for women; (iii) the total effect of birth weight on income for men is partly mediated via height but not via BMI; …
Variable pulmonary manifestations in Chitayat syndrome: Six additional affected individuals
2020
Hand hyperphalangism leading to shortened index fingers with ulnar deviation, hallux valgus, mild facial dysmorphism and respiratory compromise requiring assisted ventilation are the key features of Chitayat syndrome. This condition results from the recurrent heterozygous missense variant NM_006494.2:c.266A>G; p.(Tyr89Cys) in ERF on chromosome 19q13.2, encoding the ETS2 repressor factor (ERF) protein. The pathomechanism of Chitayat syndrome is unknown. To date, seven individuals with Chitayat syndrome and the recurrent pathogenic ERF variant have been reported in the literature. Here, we describe six additional individuals, among them only one presenting with a history of assisted ventil…
Neuromuscular Adaptations to Short-Term High-Intensity Interval Training in Female Ice-Hockey Players
2019
Kinnunen, J-V, Piitulainen, H, and Piirainen, JM. Neuromuscular adaptations to short-term high-intensity interval training in female ice-hockey players. J Strength Cond Res 33(2): 479-485, 2019-High-intensity interval training (HIIT)-related neuromuscular adaptations, changes in force production, and on-ice performance were investigated in female ice-hockey players during preseason. Fourteen Finnish championship level ice-hockey players (average age 22 ± 3 years) participated in 2½-week HIIT. Both spinal (H-reflex) and supraspinal (V-wave) neuromuscular responses of the soleus muscle were recorded before and after the training period. Static jump (SJ) and countermovement jump heights, plant…
Influence of early life risk factors and lifestyle on systemic vascular resistance in later adulthood : the cardiovascular risk in young Finns study
2021
Purpose: There are limited data available concerning the effects of lifetime risk factors and lifestyle on systemic hemodynamics, especially on systemic vascular resistance. The purpose of the study was to evaluate how lifetime cardiovascular risk factors (body mass index (BMI), high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, blood glucose) and lifestyle factors (vegetable consumption, fruit consumption, smoking and physical activity) predict systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) and cardiac index (CI) assessed in adulthood. Materials and Methods: Our study cohort comprised 1635 subjects of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study followed …
Recommendations on the diagnosis and management of Niemann-Pick disease type C
2009
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) is a lysosomal storage disease in which impaired intracellular lipid trafficking leads to excess storage of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids in the brain and other tissues. it is characterized clinically by a variety of progressive, disabling neurological symptoms including clumsiness, limb and gait ataxia, dysarthria, dysphagia and cognitive deterioration (dementia). Until recently, there has been no disease-modifying therapy available for NP-C, with treatment limited to supportive measures. In most countries, NP-C is managed through specialist centers, with non-specialist support provided locally. However, effective patient Support is hampered by the a…