Search results for "34"
showing 10 items of 1830 documents
Factors Associated with Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet among Adolescents Living in Sicily, Southern Italy
2013
The present study aimed to examine the factors associated with increased Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence among a sample of Italian adolescents. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1135 students (13–16 years) attending 13 secondary schools of Sicily, southern Italy. Validated instruments were used for dietary assessment and the KIDMED score to assess adolescents’ adherence to the MD. A higher adherence to the MD was associated with high socioeconomic status (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.53, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.03–2.26) and high physical activity (OR 1.19, 95% CI: 1.02–1.70), whereas lower adherence was associated with living in an urban environment (OR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.44–0.97) and b…
Increase of Substance P Concentration in Saliva after Pharyngeal Electrical Stimulation in Severely Dysphagic Stroke Patients – an Indicator of Decan…
2017
Background/Aims: Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide, likely acting as a neurotransmitter in the pharyngeal mucosa enhancing the swallow and cough reflex. Pharyngeal Electrical Stimulation (PES) induces a temporary increase of salivary SP levels in healthy adults. Previous evidence suggests that post-stroke dysphagia is related to reduced SP levels. Here, we investigated the effects of PES on SP levels in severely dysphagic stroke patients and a possible link between increase of SP and treatment success. Methods: 23 tracheotomized stroke patients who could not be decannulated due to severe and persisting dysphagia according to endoscopic evaluation received PES for 10 minutes a day over thre…
Effect of intermittent exposure to ethanol and MDMA during adolescence on learning and memory in adult mice
2012
Abstract Background Heavy binge drinking is increasingly frequent among adolescents, and consumption of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is often combined with ethanol (EtOH). The long-lasting effects of intermittent exposure to EtOH and MDMA during adolescence on learning and memory were evaluated in adult mice using the Hebb-Williams maze. Methods Adolescent OF1 mice were exposed to EtOH (1.25 g/kg) on two consecutive days at 48-h intervals over a 14-day period (from PD 29 to 42). MDMA (10 or 20 mg/kg) was injected twice daily at 4-h intervals over two consecutive days, and this schedule was repeated six days later (PD 33, 34, 41 and 42), resulting in a total of eight injections. …
TLR4 response mediates ethanol-induced neurodevelopment alterations in a model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
2017
Background Inflammation during brain development participates in the pathogenesis of early brain injury and cognitive dysfunctions. Prenatal ethanol exposure affects the developing brain and causes neural impairment, cognitive and behavioral effects, collectively known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Our previous studies demonstrate that ethanol activates the innate immune response and TLR4 receptor and causes neuroinflammation, brain damage, and cognitive defects in the developmental brain stage of adolescents. We hypothesize that by activating the TLR4 response, maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy triggers the release of cytokines and chemokines in both the maternal …
Classification of functioning and assessment of fracture risk of a large Italian osteoporotic population. The physiatric approach to osteoporosis pro…
2015
Background: Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing to an increased risk of fracture. Osteoporotic fractures cause significant morbidity, disability, and decrease in quality of life. Aim: The aims of the Physiatric Approach To Osteoporosis (PATO) project were to classify osteoporotic patients with or without fragility fractures, using the Brief ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) Core Set for Osteoporosis and to calculate the fracture risk with the WHO FRAX® (World Health Organization Fracture Risk Assessment Tool) algorithm. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Seventy-nine Italian Rehabilitation S…
Outcomes of interventional sialendoscopy for obstructive salivary gland disorders: an Italian multicentre study
2016
Sebbene le tecniche scialoendoscopiche abbiano assunto un ruolo fondamentale nel trattamento delle patologie ostruttive dei dotti salivari, in letteratura sono riportati pochi studi multicentrici sull’argomento. Questo studio basato sull’esperienza di 9 centri italiani è stato con-dotto su 1152 pazienti (553 donne, età media di 50 anni) per un totale di 1342 procedure scialoendoscopiche, il 44,6% delle quali a carico della ghiandola parotide. Il 12% dei pazienti è stato sottoposto a più interventi. I calcoli salivari sono risultati essere la principale causa di ostruzione (55%), seguiti dalle stenosi e altre malformazioni duttali (16%), dai tappi mucosi (14,5%) e dalla scialodochite (4,7%).…
"I Know that You Know that I Know": Neural Substrates Associated with Social Cognition Deficits in DM1 Patients.
2016
Myotonic dystrophy type-1 (DM1) is a genetic multi-systemic disorder involving several organs including the brain. Despite the heterogeneity of this condition, some patients with non-congenital DM1 can present with minimal cognitive impairment on formal testing but with severe difficulties in daily-living activities including social interactions. One explanation for this paradoxical mismatch can be found in patients' dysfunctional social cognition, which can be assessed in the framework of the Theory of Mind (ToM). We hypothesize here that specific disease driven abnormalities in DM1 brains may result in ToM impairments. We recruited 20 DM1 patients who underwent the "Reading the Mind in th…
Differential proto-oncogene mRNA induction from rats treated with peroxisome proliferators
1990
After experimental treatment of rats with clofibrate or ciprofibrate, two peroxisomes proliferators with hypolipidemic activity, RNAs were prepared from liver, kidney, heart and brain; hybridization was done with DNA probes for c-myc and c-Ha-ras oncogenes and for cyanide insensitive Acyl CoA oxidase, a peroxisomal protein. c-myc mRNA is highly abundant in liver and at a lower extent in kidney, especially after treatment with ciprofibrate; clofibrate also allows a c-myc mRNA increase, but at a lower extent. c-Ha-ras, which is already expressed in all tested tissues from control animals, is stimulated by clofibrate and ciprofibrate treatments. Comparatively these compounds stimulate the cyan…
Leisure-Time physical activity, sedentary behaviour and diet quality are associated with metabolic syndrome severity: the PREDIMED-Plus Study
2020
The authors especially thank the PREDIMED-Plus participants for their enthusiastic collaboration, the PREDIMED-Plus personnel for outstanding support, and the personnel of all associated primary care centres for their exceptional effort. CIBEROBN, CIBERESP and CIBERDEM are initiatives of Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain. We thank the PREDIMED-Plus Biobank Network, part of the National Biobank Platform of Instituto de Salud Carlos III for storing and managing biological samples.
Time-restricted eating effects on performance, immune function, and body composition in elite cyclists: a randomized controlled trial.
2020
Abstract Background Although there is substantial interest in intermittent fasting as a dietary approach in active individuals, information regarding its effects in elite endurance athletes is currently unavailable. The present parallel randomized trial investigated the effects of a particular intermittent fasting approach, called time-restricted eating (TRE), during 4 weeks of high-level endurance training. Methods Sixteen elite under-23 cyclists were randomly assigned either to a TRE group or a control group (ND). The TRE group consumed 100% of its estimated daily energy needs in an 8-h time window (from 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.) whilst energy intake in the ND group was distributed in 3 me…