Search results for "3R"
showing 10 items of 116 documents
Toward evidence-based severity assessment in rat models with repeated seizures: I. Electrical kindling
2018
Objective: Rodent epilepsy models can significantly contribute to our understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms and to validation of biomarker and target candidates. Evidence-based severity assessment is a presupposition for the ethical evaluation of animal experimentation allowances as well as for the development of efficacious refinement concepts. Methods: Aiming to improve our understanding of the impact of experimental procedures and repeated seizures, we have completed a comprehensive behavioral and biochemical analysis assessing various parameters that can inform about the influence of an electrical kindling paradigm on well-being in rats. Thereby, we have focused on the immediat…
Toward evidence-based severity assessment in rat models with repeated seizures: III. Electrical post-status epilepticus model
2019
Objective Ethical approval of experiments in chronic epilepsy models requires a careful balancing of the expected gain-in-knowledge with the level of distress. Thus recommendations for evidence-based severity assessment and classification are urgently needed for preclinical epilepsy research. Methods Therefore, we have completed a comprehensive analysis of alterations in behavioral, biochemical, and physiological parameters in a rat electrical post-status epilepticus model. Selected parameters were repeatedly analyzed during different experimental phases to obtain information about the level of distress throughout the course of the model. Results Behavioral patterns comprised an increase in…
Offline commissioning of a new gas cell for the MARA Low-Energy Branch
2023
Results of offline commissioning tests for a new dedicated gas cell for the Mass Analysing Recoil Apparatus (MARA) Low-Energy Branch are reported. Evacuation time, ion survival and transport efficiency in helium buffer gas were characterized with a radioactive 223Ra 𝛼-recoil source. Suppression of the ion signal, originating from non-neutralized species in the gas cell, was explored with 219Rn ions, the daughter recoil of 223Ra, as a function of voltage applied to one of the ion-collector electrodes. Two-step laser resonance ionization of stable tin isotopes produced inside the gas cell from a heated bronze filament was demonstrated, and broadening of the atomic resonances in argon buffer …
Alcuni aspetti protezionistici nell’impiego di composti di 223Ra nella terapia medico-nucleare ambulatoriale
2018
L’impiego di composti di 223Ra, essenzialmente nella terapia medico-nucleare ambulatoriale delle metastasi ossee da carcinoma prostatico, ha posto diverse questioni dal punto di vista radioprotezionistico. Infatti, pur essendo il radionuclide caratterizzato da una emissione prevalentemente alfa, è comunque presente in bassa percentuale una componente gamma, costituita da emissioni di diversa energia e intensità, facilmente rilevabile con un monitor di dose o con uno spettrometro gamma portatile. In questo lavoro sono prese in esame le attività svolte all’interno di un reparto di Medicina Nucleare in cui è esercitata l’attività di terapia ambulatoriale (preparazione dei composti, somministra…
Efficacy of an internet-based psychological intervention for problem gambling and gambling disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
2021
Gambling Disorder is a prevalent non-substance use disorder, which contrasts with the low number of people requesting treatment. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) could help to enhance the dissemination of evidence-based treatments and considerably reduce the costs. The current study seeks to assess the efficacy of an online psychological intervention for people suffering from gambling problems in Spain. The proposed study will be a two-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial. A total of 134 participants (problem and pathological gamblers) will be randomly allocated to a waiting list control group (N = 67) or an intervention group (N = 67). The intervention program i…
Age–sex differences in the global burden of lower respiratory infections and risk factors, 1990–2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study…
2022
Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Background: The global burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) and corresponding risk factors in children older than 5 years and adults has not been studied as comprehensively as it has been in children younger than 5 years. We assessed the burden and trends of LRIs and risk factors across all age groups by sex, for 204 countries and territories. Methods: In this analysis of data for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we used clinician-diagnosed pneumonia or bronchiolitis as our case definition for LRIs. We included International Classification of Diseases 9th edition codes 079.6, 466–469, 470.0, 480–4…
Replication of interleukin 23 receptor and autophagy-related 16-like 1 association in adult- and pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease in Italy.
2008
AIM: To investigate gene variants in a large Italian inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cohort, and to analyze the correlation of sub-phenotypes (including age at diagnosis) and epistatic interaction with other IBD genes. METHODS: Total of 763 patients with Crohn's disease (CD, 189 diagnosed at age < 19 years), 843 with ulcerative colitis (UC, 179 diagnosed < 19 years), 749 healthy controls, and 546 healthy parents (273 trios) were included in the study. The rs2241880 [autophagy-related 16-like 1 (ATG16L1)], rs11209026 and rs7517847 [interleukin 23 receptor (IL23R)], rs2066844, rs2066845, rs2066847 (CARD15), rs1050152 (OCTN1), and rs2631367 (OCTN2) gene variants were genotyped. RESULTS: The f…
Safer chemicals using less animals: kick-off of the European ONTOX project
2021
The 3Rs concept, calling for replacement, reduction and refinement of animal experimentation, is receiving increasing attention around the world, and has found its way to legislation, in particular in the European Union. This is aligned by continuing high-level efforts of the European Commission to support development and implementation of 3Rs methods. In this respect, the European project called "ONTOX: ontology-driven and artificial intelligence-based repeated dose toxicity testing of chemicals for next generation risk assessment" was recently initiated with the goal to provide a functional and sustainable solution for advancing human risk assessment of chemicals without the use of animal…
Applicability of Interference Coordination in Highly Loaded HSUPA Network
2010
This paper evaluates the performance of highly loaded High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) network with and without network wide static Interference Coordination (IC). IC alternates the priorities for user transmission periods throughout the network to achieve reduced interference levels and higher performance. A large variety of combinations including, e.g., different schedulers, cell center/edge user definitions (user splits) and interference targets are investigated in this paper. Performance is analyzed using a quasi-static system level simulator which is also used to support Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standardization work. The simulator contains detailed and commonl…
Tobacco use in the third trimester of pregnancy and its relationship to birth weight. A prospective study in Spain
2015
Abstract Background Few studies have been carried out in Spain examining the use of tobacco amongst expectant mothers and its effect on birth weight. Aims To observe the proportion of expectant mothers who smoke during their pregnancy, and the impact of tobacco consumption on maternal and birth weight. We also aimed to identify the trimester of pregnancy in which tobacco use produced the greatest reduction in birth weight. Methods Prospective observational study in Spain. A random sampling strategy was used to select health centres and participant women. A total of 137 individuals were enrolled in the study. Exposure to tobacco was measured through a self-reported questionnaire. Regressions…