Search results for "3a"
showing 10 items of 351 documents
M2 Macrophages Activate WNT Signaling Pathway in Epithelial Cells: Relevance in Ulcerative Colitis
2013
Macrophages, which exhibit great plasticity, are important components of the inflamed tissue and constitute an essential element of regenerative responses. Epithelial Wnt signalling is involved in mechanisms of proliferation and differentiation and expression of Wnt ligands by macrophages has been reported. We aim to determine whether the macrophage phenotype determines the expression of Wnt ligands, the influence of the macrophage phenotype in epithelial activation of Wnt signalling and the relevance of this pathway in ulcerative colitis. Human monocyte-derived macrophages and U937-derived macrophages were polarized towards M1 or M2 phenotypes and the expression of Wnt1 and Wnt3a was analy…
Expression ofDNMT3A transcripts and nucleolar localization of DNMT3A protein in human testicular and fibroblast cells suggest a role for de novo DNA …
2006
Transcriptional silencing during differentiation of human male germ cells and serum starvation of human fibroblasts is controlled by epigenetic mechanisms that involve de novo DNA methylation. It is associated with high expression of different transcripts of the DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) gene that encode two isoforms with de novo methyltransferase activity and one without catalytic activity. Western blots revealed that DNMT3A protein (with catalytic domain) is present at low levels in several tissues and at increased levels in testicular cells and growth-arrested fibroblasts. Immunofluorescence experiments localized DNMT3A to discrete nucleolar foci in B spermatogonia and resting fi…
Modeling human osteosarcoma in mice through 3AB‐OS cancer stem cell xenografts
2012
Osteosarcoma is the second leading cause of cancer-related death for children and young adults. In this study, we have subcutaneously injected—with and without matrigel—athymic mice (Fox1nu/nu) with human osteosarcoma 3AB-OS pluripotent cancer stem cells (CSCs), which we previously isolated from human osteosarcoma MG63 cells. Engrafted 3AB-OS cells were highly tumorigenic and matrigel greatly accelerated both tumor engraftment and growth rate. 3AB-OS CSC xenografts lacked crucial regulators of beta-catenin levels (E-cadherin, APC, and GSK-3beta), and crucial factors to restrain proliferation, resulting therefore in a strong proliferation potential. During the first weeks of engraftment 3AB-…
Hormone replacement therapy enhances IGF-1 signaling in skeletal muscle by diminishing miR-182 and miR-223 expressions : a study on postmenopausal mo…
2014
MiRNAs are fine-tuning modifiers of skeletal muscle regulation, but knowledge of their hormonal control is lacking. We used a co-twin case-control study design, that is, monozygotic postmenopausal twin pairs discordant for estrogen-based hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to explore estrogen-dependent skeletal muscle regulation via miRNAs. MiRNA profiles were determined from vastus lateralis muscle of nine healthy 54-62-years-old monozygotic female twin pairs discordant for HRT (median 7 years). MCF-7 cells, human myoblast cultures and mouse muscle experiments were used to confirm estrogen's causal role on the expression of specific miRNAs, their target mRNAs and proteins and finally the act…
Human brain ages with hierarchy-selective attenuation of prediction errors
2020
Abstract From the perspective of predictive coding, our brain embodies a hierarchical generative model to realize perception, which proactively predicts the statistical structure of sensory inputs. How are these predictive processes modified as we age? Recent research suggested that aging leads to decreased weighting of sensory inputs and increased reliance on predictions. Here we investigated whether this age-related shift from sensorium to predictions occurs at all levels of hierarchical message passing. We recorded the electroencephalography responses with an auditory local–global paradigm in a cohort of 108 healthy participants from 3 groups: seniors, adults, and adolescents. The detect…
Expression of semaphorin 3A and neuropilin 1 with clinicopathological features and survival in human tongue cancer
2012
Objective: To investigate the association between semaphorin 3A (SEMA 3A) and its receptor neuropilin 1 (NRP1) and the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with tongue cancer. Study Design: Forty-three tongue squamous cell carcinoma specimens were included. Immunohistochemical staining of SEMA3A and NRP1 was performed on 15 normal tongue epithelium specimens and the 43 tumour specimens. Immunoreactivity was evaluated based on the staining intensity and distribution score. Statistical analyses were performed using Chi-squared and Spearman tests and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: SEMA3A was significantly down-regulated in tongue cancer compared with normal tongue (P=0.025), while NR…
Beneficial effects of C1 esterase inhibitor in ST-elevation myocardial infarction in patients who underwentsurgical reperfusion: a randomized double-…
2007
Background: The inflammatory cascade has been hypothesized to be an important mechanism of post-ischaemic myocardial reperfusion injury and several studies demonstrated that C1 esterase inhibitor (C1 -INH) is effective in post-ischaemia myocardial protection. Therefore, we aimed to investigate prospectively in a randomised double-blind study the cardioprotective effects of C1-INH in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in patients who underwent emergent reperfusion with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: In this study, we enrolled 80 patients affected with STEMI who underwent emergent CABG. Patients were assigned in two groups (C1-INH group: receive 1000 Ul of C1…
Pregnane X receptor and yin yang 1 contribute to the differential tissue expression and induction of CYP3A5 and CYP3A4.
2012
The hepato-intestinal induction of the detoxifying enzymes CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 by the xenosensing pregnane X receptor (PXR) constitutes a key adaptive response to oral drugs and dietary xenobiotics. In contrast to CYP3A4, CYP3A5 is additionally expressed in several, mostly steroidogenic organs, which creates potential for induction-driven disturbances of the steroid homeostasis. Using cell lines and mice transgenic for a CYP3A5 promoter we demonstrate that the CYP3A5 expression in these organs is non-inducible and independent from PXR. Instead, it is enabled by the loss of a suppressing yin yang 1 (YY1)-binding site from the CYP3A5 promoter which occurred in haplorrhine primates. This YY1 sit…
Chronic social defeat stress causes retinal vascular dysfunction
2021
Abstract Purpose The roles of vascular dysfunction and chronic stress have been extensively discussed in the pathophysiology of glaucoma. Our aim was to test whether chronic stress causes retinal vascular dysfunction and therewith induces retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) loss. Methods Twelve mice underwent chronic social defeat (CSD) stress, while 12 mice received control treatment only. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with a rebound tonometer. Blood plasma corticosterone concentration and adrenal gland weight were used to assess stress levels. Brn-3a staining in retinas and PPD staining in optic nerve cross sections were conducted to assess the survival of RGCs and axons respectively.…
Expressive timing facilitates the neural processing of phrase boundaries in music: Evidence from event-related potentials
2013
The organization of sound into meaningful units is fundamental to the processing of auditory information such as speech and music. In expressive music performance, structural units or phrases may become particularly distinguishable through subtle timing variations highlighting musical phrase boundaries. As such, expressive timing may support the successful parsing of otherwise continuous musical material. By means of the event-related potential technique (ERP), we investigated whether expressive timing modulates the neural processing of musical phrases. Musicians and laymen listened to short atonal scale-like melodies that were presented either isochronously (deadpan) or with expressive tim…